The Anti-Slavery Effort :: Slavery Essays

The Anti-Slavery Effort Servitude in America can be followed as far back as when Europeans started settling the North American landmass. The primary town set up in the New Worlrd was Jamestown in 1607, and the main slave showed up on the mainland in 1619. European pioneers that colonized North America carried slaves with them to help settle the new land, work their estates developing significant money harvests, for example, tobacco and sugar, and to cook and clean in their homes. A great many people didn't consider servitude to be an issue as of now since it was very uncommon in the New World with just a couple of well off landowners who possessed slaves, in any case, general sentiment would be influenced. Abolitionists originally began showing up in America at about the hour of the American unrest. Rivals of subjugation incorporated a portion of our separated Founding Fathers, for example, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Paine, and Benjamin Rush, who felt that subjection encroached on the ideas of the Declaration of Independence. Most northern abolitionists were religiiously enlivened, for example, the Quakers, and felt that servitude was a transgression that must amended right away. The abolitionist cause was one an ethical contention. They felt that most of slaves were being dealt with heartlessly and tormented. This nauseate of southern slave-proprietors constrained a couple of abolitionists to carry on in outrageous measures, yet the dominant part utilized serene dissent techniques. They utilized various techniques to battle for their motivation; fan went to the most extreme of their capacity in murdering the restriction, while others pacively gave out leaflets and flyers in fight, or took an interest in the Underground Railroad. One enthusiast abolitionist who, in this present author's conclusion, just went excessively far is a man named John Brown. Earthy colored's abolitionist subjugation endeavors are most notable for his attack on the Us weapons armory in Harper's Ferry, Virginia, 1859. Earthy colored was conceived on May ninth 1800 in Torrington, Connecticut, and experienced childhood in Ohio. During his grown-up life Brown experienced difficulty holding down a stable employment because of business turns around and charges of illicit practices which tailed him from the 1820's and on, yet by the 1850's he turned out to be profoundly intertested in the servitude issue. Earthy colored and five of his children got entangled in the battle among proslavery and abolitionist servitude powers for control of the regional government in Kansas. By the spring of 1855, Brown had accepted order of nearby Free-Soil local army. Inside a year, proslavery powers had sacked the Free-Soil town of Lawrence, an occasion that set off a grisly reprisal by Brown.

History Of Airplanes And How It Changed World History Essay

History Of Airplanes And How It Changed World History Essay There are numerous disclosures since the beginning that changed the world from multiple points of view, the web, power, semiconductors, just to give some examples. This paper will investigate one of such disclosures that had altogether changed the world, the revelation of planes. The historical backdrop of planes and how it advanced exponentially captivated most flying aficionado in a little more than hardly any decades. The effect of this revelation is felt in the lives of every individual, be legitimately or by implication. The between connection of this impact can be felt nearly in all industry types beginning from movement and the travel industry, satellite and correspondence, business and trade, and so forth. Planes are currently the favored answer for significant distance travel and a huge number of flights are worked in air terminals around the globe consistently, for instance roughly 65 million travelers were shipped through Heathrow air terminal alone in 2009 (European Commi ssion, EroStats). Planes starting Everything started following the letter that was composed by Wilbur Wright in 1899. The letter was sent to the Smithsonian Institution; Wilbur was mentioning data about flight tests. Subsequent to get-together the necessary data, the siblings Wilbur and Orville invested a ton of energy in inquire about. As per Marry Bellis (2010) The Wright siblings invested a lot of energy watching flying creatures in flight. Because of the time spent on watching flying creatures, the siblings saw that the state of the fowls wing helped in expanding lift and flying creatures likewise changed their wings shape so as to move while flying. In light of the feathered creatures procedure of flying, Wilbur and Orville began applying these strategies into their trial to have control on their lightweight flyer innovation. Numerous hours were placed in examine followed by testing period, The Wright siblings planned and fabricated numerous lightweight planes so as to execute their answers for controlling their lightweight flyers. After numerous preliminary and blunders, they constructed the first directed lightweight flyer in 1900. As indicated by Marry Bellis (2010) the Wrights effectively tried their new 50-pound Biplane lightweight plane with its 17-foot wing length and wing-wrapping system, at Kitty sell . The wing wrapping instrument is used the methods of flying creatures by changing the state of the wing. The application in this kind of wing was practiced by angling the wings tips to either expand lift or move the lightweight plane. It was then viewed as a major accomplishment at Kitty Hawk, the Wrights later fabricated another lightweight plane with 22-foot wingspan weighing almost 100 pounds. In this lightweight plane they utilized a front lift to control it. In any case, this ended up being a disappointment. The front lift didn't permit the wings in this lightweight plane to give adequate lift. The disappointment of this lightweight plane in 1901 caused tremendous frustration for the siblings. In spite of the disappointment in their last lightweight plane the Wrights looked into their test outcomes and verified that the computations they had were not solid Marry-B (2010). So as to guarantee that they get precise outcomes Wilbur and Orville chose to fabricate a wing burrow. The wing burrow empowered them to test various states of wings and think about the lift power between various wing types and shapes. This strategy for wing testing furnished the siblings with incredible comprehension of wings and their exhibitions and practices. It is additionally viewed as the defining moment that drove the siblings to their later accomplishment. Till now air streams are utilized to test anything identified with streamlined features like planes, wings and vehicles. Because of this testing technique, the siblings planned and constructed another lightweight flyer with 32-foot wingspan and added a tail to their lightweight flyer to settle and control it. Having this lightweight flyer, the siblings had the option to confirm the wing burrows results and added some minor changes to their last plan. After the accomplishment of the last lightweight plane, the Wright siblings took their exploration and flying examinations to a more significant level. Wilbur and Orville at last chose to structure and production a fueled airplane. This anyway required more research on the most proficient method to pick up push and restrict the drag power while giving adequate lift at the same time. The lift issue was settled from past trials anyway the siblings needed to do monstrous concentrating on propellers and engines. As per Mary B. (2010) following quite a while of concentrating how propellers work, the Wright siblings structured an engine and another airplane durable enough to oblige the engines weight and vibrations . In 1903, the siblings tried their first heavier than air controlled airplane at Kitty Hawk North Carolina. The Wrights utilized a railroad going downhill to give the airplane enough wing speed for departure. After two bombed endeavors, Orville Wright effectively flew the fuele d airplane for 12 seconds on December 17, 1903. The controlled airplane was known as the Flyer. Following this gigantic achievement the siblings figured out how to build up the Flyer plan. In the next year, in 1904, the siblings tried the Flyer II model. As indicated by The Wright brothers(n.a.) (n.d.) by 1904 they had improved their 1903 structure to the point that they had the option to remain high up of longer timeframe while controlling their specialty alright to finish a hover arriving close to the spot where they had taken off (n.p.). The Flyer II was flown by Wilbur Wright, who was fit for remaining on high for over five minutes. Also, the Wright siblings didn't stop their commitment to the Aviation business in the wake of presenting Flyer II. They committed the remainder of their lives in propelling airplane plans. As per The Wright Brothers (2003) Orville invested quite a bit of his energy after Wilburs demise attempting to ensure the patent rights to their flying innovation. He contributed little to the progression of flight structures after the 1920s and passed on in the wake of enduring a respiratory failure in 1948 (n.p.). Planes Development During the Wright siblings period, there was another yearning aeronautical designer, Donald Wills Douglas. Donald was the first to get a Bachelor of Science qualification in aeronautical designing from the Massachusetts establishment of innovation (MIT) (UXL Newsmakers) (2005). After Donald moved on from MIT, he began his vocation at Connecticut Aircraft Company in 1915. In that equivalent year he joined Glenn L. Martins airplane firm as boss designer (UXL Newsmakers) (2005). In the end Donald began his own firm Douglas Company. He previously needed to produce an airplane that had the option to fly over the United States relentless; this airplane was known as the Cloudster. As per the UXL newsmakers (2005) the Cloudster never made it completely crosscountry, however it was the main plane fit for lifting a payload equivalent to its own weight (N.P). The most well known among the Douglass structures are the DC arrangement. For instance the DC-3 out of 1936, was viewed as a colossal for ward leap in airplane fabricating. The DC-3 was equipped for retaining 21 travelers and cruising at speed of 190 mph. The UXL Newsmakers (2005) cited it was fruitful to the point that inside 2 years after it originally showed up, it was conveying 95 percent of the countries common air traffic (N.P). During world war II DC-3 and DC-4 were broadly utilized for military vehicle. Later Donald built up the DC-4 plan to think of the DC-6 and DC-7. The DC-7 was the main airplane that was allowed to fly constant across the nation. During the 1960s, Douglas planned the stream impelled DC-8 preceding it wound up converging with McDonnell Aircraft Company in 1967. As indicated by UXL Newsmakers (2005), the site of unique Douglas organization plant is currently the historical center of flying (n.p.). Despite what might be expected, the Douglas Companys planes were not the primary business carriers. In 1909 a German carrier started which was viewed as the principal business aircraft on the planet. The aircraft was called Deutsche Luftschiffahrt Aktien Gesellschaft (DELAG). Anyway the DELAG organization didn't utilize DC arrangement planes. As indicated by Asif Siddiqi (2010) the organization utilized one of the huge aircrafts worked by Ferdinand Graf Von Zeppelin(n.p.). The DELAG organization conveyed travelers from 1910 to 1914 and quit during World War I and afterward proceeded from 1919 to 1920. This aircraft was utilized for conveying rich residents and outsiders to fly across German urban communities. From the time the Write Brothers developed their first airplane 1903 to the moment that an open business flight was done was viewed as a significant accomplishment. It took just seven years from the Wrights first Flyer I to concoct a business plane. As indicated by Bengtson Tom (2003) It is fascinating that 10 years after that notable first flight, just around two dozen of the universes 3,700 airplane where possessed by Americans. This shows how the entire world was keen on the aeronautics field and furthermore how it grew so quick. Likewise, after the Wright Brothers enormous accomplishment, in 1908 a Bousson-Borgins airplane was worked via Airplanes Voisin it was fueled by a Renault propeller motor, Christopher P Clark (n.p. 12-2005). Anyway what truly gave the flying business a lift was World War I. Since the war demonstrated that airplanes can be viable in war, governments surged in improving planes so as to have forward-thinking assaulting procedures. There are numerous achievements that are to be viewed as when discussing plane turns of events. After the Wright Brothers first flight numerous aeronautical specialists were keen on flying and began to improve in the Wrights plan. For instance, Glenn Hammond curtiss, who in the spring of 1910 finished a 243-kilometer open trip along the Hudson River from Albany, NY, to Manhattan Seth Shulman (2002). One of the significant achievements in avionics is presenting the fly motor. The stream pushed motor was presented first by Sir Frank Whittle who was the first to enlist a patent for the fly motor in 1930. Another supporter of the fly motor is a German airplane originator, Dr. Hans Von Ohain who presented his model of the fly en

The American health care need to be reformed Essay

The American medicinal services should be changed - Essay Example For a long time it was accepted that the American medicinal services framework is the best on the planet. Be that as it may, presently such huge numbers of inadequacies have been distinguished. The 42.6 million individuals in the US as of now without medical coverage are intensely mindful that our social insurance framework isn't working for everybody, and there is developing acknowledgment that the serious issues of increasing expense and absence of access comprise a genuine emergency.( The U.S. Medicinal services System 1) Most of US medicinal services are out patient based. The individual essential medicinal services doctors, pro doctors, non-doctors including attendants and drug specialists establish the social insurance framework. There are for the most part two sorts of emergency clinics the revenue driven medical clinics and the non-benefit clinics. The previous is worked by privet enterprises and the later by the administration or by some strict or different associations. The clinics offer out patient assistance in crisis room and they additionally have inpatient segment. The installment of social insurance for the greater part of the Americans is through the business yet the expense of which is expanding now a days. The administration currently finances boss paid wellbeing care.This is finished by excluding manager commitments from tax assessment as salary. The administration supported Medicare and Medicaid covers the uninsured individuals in the US. The projects like Tricare and Veterans organi zation give protection inclusion to the old individuals in America. Be that as it may, presently the quantity of doctors tolerating the Medicaid diminishing because of the expansion in the authoritative expense when contrasted with the repayment. The Census Bureau discovered a year ago that very nearly 44 million Americans had abandoned medical coverage for the earlier year. That number has been expanding by approximately 2 million every year. Families USA, a customer gathering, says that very nearly 82 million individuals, one out of three underneath age 65, were uninsured sooner or later during 2002-03, the majority of them for at any rate nine months. (Broder, D.S., A21) III. Framework INEFFICIENCIES AND INEQUITIES Wasteful aspects 1. Deferrals in looking for care and expanded utilization of crisis care-Usually American individuals have a propensity for not going to preventive medicinal services and normal clinical check ups lastly when they arrive at the emergency clinic for treatment the sickness may get progressed and increasingly serious consideration is required. This causes the expansion in the measure of repayment. The individuals without the protection are twice as prone to visit medical clinic crisis rooms as those with protection; troubling a framework implied for genuine crises with less-dire consideration needs. In patients with privet protection malignant growth is analyzed distinctly in the late stage or in the propelled hopeless state just and they need more exorbitant systems than the individuals who analyze the illness in the beginning period. The individuals without privet protection get less opportunity to go to the malignant growth screening tests than the others with the privet protection p lans. 2. Common expense of uninsured-The specialist co-ops

Factors That Affect Customer Choice Of A Bank Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Introduction of banks: For the past three decades Indias banking system has several outstanding achievements to its credit. The most striking is its extensive reach. It is no longer confined to only metropolitans or cosmopolitans in India. In fact, Indian banking system has reached even to the remote corners of the country. This is one of the main reason of Indias growth process. The governments regular policy for Indian bank since 1969 has paid rich dividends with the nationalisation of 14 major private banks of India. Not long ago, an account holder had to wait for hours at the bank counters for getting a draft or for withdrawing his own money. Today, he has a choice. Gone are days when the most efficient bank transferred money from one branch to other in two days. Now it is simple as instant messaging or dial a pizza. Money have become the order of the day. The first bank in India, though conservative, was established in 1786. From 1786 till today, the journey of Indian Banking System can be segregated into three distinct phases. They are as mentioned below: Early phase from 1786 to 1969 of Indian Banks Nationalisation of Indian Banks and up to 1991 prior to Indian banking sector Reforms. New phase of Indian Banking System with the advent of Indian Financial Banking Sector Reforms after 1991. To make this write-up more explanatory, I prefix the scenario as Phase I, Phase II and Phase III. Phase I The General Bank of India was set up in the year 1786. Next came Bank of Hindustan and Bengal Bank. The East India Company established Bank of Bengal (1809), Bank of Bombay (1840) and Bank of Madras (1843) as independent units and called it Presidency Banks. These three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and Imperial Bank of India was established which started as private shareholders banks, mostly Europeans shareholders. In 1865 Allahabad Bank was established and first time exclusively by Indians, Punjab National Bank Ltd. was set up in 1894 with headquarters at Lahore. Between 1906 and 1913, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and Bank of Mysore were set up. Reserve Bank of India came in 1935. During the first phase the growth was very slow and banks also experienced periodic failures between 1913 and 1948. There were approximately 1100 banks, mostly small. To streamline the functioning and activities of commercial banks, the Government of India came up with The Banking Companies Act, 1949 which was later changed to Banking Regulation Act 1949 as per amending Act of 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965). Reserve Bank of India was vested with extensive powers for the supervision of banking in india as the Central Banking Authority. During those days public has lesser confidence in the banks. As an aftermath deposit mobilisation was slow. Abreast of it the savings bank facility provided by the Postal department was comparatively safer. Moreover, funds were largely given to traders. Phase II Government took major steps in this Indian Banking Sector Reform after independence. In 1955, it nationalised Imperial Bank of India with extensive banking facilities on a large scale specially in rural and semi-urban areas. It formed State Bank of india to act as the principal agent of RBI and to handle banking transactions of the Union and State Governments all over the country. Seven banks forming subsidiary of State Bank of India was nationalised in 1960 on 19th July, 1969, major process of nationalisation was carried out. It was the effort of the then Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. 14 major commercial banks in the country was nationalised. Second phase of nationalisation Indian Banking Sector Reform was carried out in 1980 with seven more banks. This step brought 80% of the banking segment in India under Government ownership. The following are the steps taken by the Government of India to Regulate Banking Institutions in the Country: 1949 : Enactment of Banking Regulation Act. 1955 : Nationalisation of State Bank of India. 1959 : Nationalisation of SBI subsidiaries. 1961 : Insurance cover extended to deposits. 1969 : Nationalisation of 14 major banks. 1971 : Creation of credit guarantee corporation. 1975 : Creation of regional rural banks. 1980 : Nationalisation of seven banks with deposits over 200 crore. After the nationalisation of banks, the branches of the public sector bank India rose to approximately 800% in deposits and advances took a huge jump by 11,000%. Banking in the sunshine of Government ownership gave the public implicit faith and immense confidence about the sustainability of these institutions. Phase III This phase has introduced many more products and facilities in the banking sector in its reforms measure. In 1991, under the chairmanship of M Narasimham, a committee was set up by his name which worked for the liberalisation of banking practices. The country is flooded with foreign banks and their ATM stations. Efforts are being put to give a satisfactory service to customers. Phone banking and net banking is introduced. The entire system became more convenient and swift. Time is given more importance than money. The financial system of India has shown a great deal of resilience. It is sheltered from any crisis triggered by any external macroeconomics shock as other East Asian Countries suffered. This is all due to a flexible exchange rate regime, the foreign reserves are high, the capital account is not yet fully convertible, and banks and their customers have limited foreign exchange exposure. History of financial services In the United States The term financial services became more prevalent in the United States partly as a result of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies operating in the U.S. financial services industry at that time to merge. Companies usually have two distinct approaches to this new type of business. One approach would be a bank which simply buys an insurance company or an investment bank, keeps the original brands of the acquired firm, and adds the acquisition to its holding company simply to diversify its earnings. Outside the U.S. (e.g., in Japan), non-financial services companies are permitted within the holding company. In this scenario, each company still looks independent, and has its own customers, etc. In the other style, a bank would simply create its own brokerage division or insurance division and attempt to sell those products to its own existing customers, with incentives for combining all things with one company. Banks A commercial bank is what is commonly referred to as simply a bank. The term commercial is used to distinguish it from an investment bank, a type of financial services entity which, instead of lending money directly to a business, helps businesses raise money from other firms in the form of bonds (debt) or stock (equity). Banking services The primary operations of banks include: Keeping money safe while also allowing withdrawals when needed Issuance of checkbooks so that bills can be paid and other kinds of payments can be delivered by post Provide personal loans, commercial loans, and mortgage loans (typically loans to purchase a home, property or business) Issuance of credit cards and processing of credit card transactions and billing Issuance of debit cards for use as a substitute for checks Allow financial transactions at branches or by using Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) Provide wire transfers of funds and Electronic fund transfers between banks Facilitation of standing orders and direct debits, so payments for bills can be made automatically Provide overdraft agreements for the temporary advancement of the Banks own money to meet monthly spending commitments of a customer in their current account. Provide Charge card advances of the Banks own money for customers wishing to settle credit advances monthly. Provide a check guaranteed by the Bank itself and prepaid by the customer, such as a cashiers check or certified check. Notary service for financial and other documents Other types of bank services Private banking Private banks provide banking services exclusively to high net worth individuals. Many financial services firms require a person or family to have a certain minimum net worth to qualify for private banking services. Private banks often provide more personal services, such as wealth management and tax planning, than normal retail banks. Capital market bank bank that underwrite debt and equity, assist company deals (advisory services, underwriting and advisory fees), and restructure debt into structured finance products. Bank cards include both credit cards and debit cards. Bank Of America is the largest issuer of bank cards. Credit card machine services and networks Companies which provide credit card machine and payment networks call themselves merchant card providers. Foreign exchange services Foreign exchange services are provided by many banks around the world. Foreign exchange services include: Currency Exchange where clients can purchase and sell foreign currency banknotes. Wire transfer where clients can send funds to international banks abroad. Foreign Currency Banking banking transactions are done in foreign currency. Investment services Asset management the term usually given to describe companies which run collective investment funds. Hedge fund management Hedge funds often employ the services of prime brokerage divisions at major investment banks to execute their trades. Custody services the safe-keeping and processing of the worlds securities trades and servicing the associated portfolios. Assets under custody in the world are approximately $100 trillion. Insurance Insurance brokerage Insurance brokers shop for insurance (generally corporate property and casualty insurance) on behalf of customers. Recently a number of websites have been created to give consumers basic price comparisons for services such as insurance, causing controversy within the industry. Insurance underwriting Personal lines insurance underwriters actually underwrite insurance for individuals, a service still offered primarily through agents, insurance brokers, and stock brokers. Underwriters may also offer similar commercial lines of coverage for businesses. Activities include insurance and annuities, life insurance, retirement insurance, health insurance, and property casualty insurance. Reinsurance Reinsurance is insurance sold to insurers themselves, to protect them from catastrophic losses. Other financial services Intermediation or advisory services These services involve stock brokers (private client services) and discount brokers. Stock brokers assist investors in buying or selling shares. Primarily internet-based companies are often referred to as discount brokerages, although many now have branch offices to assist clients. These brokerages primarily target individual investors. Full service and private client firms primarily assist and execute trades for clients with large amounts of capital to invest, such as large companies, wealthy individuals, and investment management funds. Private equity Private equity funds are typically closed-end funds, which usually take controlling equity stakes in businesses that are either private, or taken private once acquired. Private equity funds often use leveraged buyouts (LBOs) to acquire the firms in which they invest. The most successful private equity funds can generate returns significantly higher than provided by the equity markets Venture capital is a type of private equity capital typically provided by professional, outside investors to new, high-potential-growth companies in the interest of taking the company to an IPO or trade sale of the business. Angel investment An angel investor or angel (known as a business angel or informal investor in Europe), is an affluent individual who provides capital for a business start-up, usually in exchange for convertible debt or ownership equity. A small but increasing number of angel investors organize themselves into angel groups or angel networks to share research and pool their investment capital. Conglomerates A financial services conglomerate is a financial services firm that is active in more than one sector of the financial services market e.g. life insurance, general insurance, health insurance, asset management, retail banking, wholesale banking, investment banking, etc. A key rationale for the existence of such businesses is the existence of diversification benefits that are present when different types of businesses are aggregated i.e. bad things dont always happen at the same time. As a consequence, economic capital for a conglomerate is usually substantially less than economic capital is for the sum of its parts. OVERVIEW OF BANKS: All over the world, there is a shift in the economy from the manufacturing to the service sector. The contribution of banking to the service economy is duly recognized. Banking industry includes a number of businesses such as corporate banking, investment banking, wealth management, capital market etc. Retail banking is another segment of the banking industry. It is a typical mass-market banking characterized by a large customer base and a large volume of transactions. There is a high level of cooperation between banks, retailers, customers and consumers in this segment. Retail banks offer services like account opening, credit card, debit card, ATM, internet banking, phone banking, insurance, investment, stock broking and so on. The retail banking industry is facing a very stiff competition and current scenario is that of the survival of the fittest. All the banks are trying to increase their customer base and are developing their own strategies to be in the market. Product differentiation along with the application of technology for creating an optimum transaction model is one of the strategies employed by retail banks. The present day customers are technology savvy and they are more exposed to various kinds of goods and services. With globalization, the consumers are more aware of what type of services they get and from where. This has led to customer-demand-driven services to be offered by various service providers. Retail banks too have to design their products in such a way that customers are satisfied and that they return to the same bank for their services. In simple terms, customer retention is becoming the greatest challenge for retail banks. But the most challenges for banks is how banks attract their customers and what factor affect customer choice of a bank:ÂÂ   The various factors that affect the choice of customer in choosing a bank namely: ATM facility, Friendliness of employee, Debit card facility, Loan facility, Parking facility, Speed of services, Loyalty program, Internet banking facility, Rate of Interest, Bank timing, Convenient display of counters, Free home delivery of Drafts, Phone banking facility, Minimum account balance, Bank charges, Overdraft facility, Brand name, Close to where you live or work, Security arrangement, Locker facility, De-mat Facility, Referral from friend and relatives, Computerization of the bank, Continuous flow of information from bank and Simple application for all transactions. There are many other factors that affect the choice of customers in choosing the banks. The 14 different factors that could be identified, approximately in the order of their importance, are (1) Safety of Deposits, (2) Size and Strength, (3) Accuracy, (4) General Service Quality, (5) Speed of Delivery, (6) Proximity, (7) Security of Environment, (8) Cordiality of Staff, (9) Price and Service Charges, (10) Product Packaging, (11) General Public Impression, (12) Peer Group Impression, (13) Friendship with Staff and (14) Advertisement and Publicity. There are many factors who affect customer choice of bank. There are no of other factors also affect the customer choice of a bank which have also increased in importance are the offering of incentives, having a wide product range and economic factors, such as interest rate paid and fees and charges levied. Location factors, such as choosing a bank close to home or work place, have decreased significantly in importance in motivating choice. Certain criteria have remained broadly constant through time, amongst them, and perhaps surprisingly, are choosing on the basis of a banks image and reputation and expectations about level of service. Safety of Deposits: Depositors are the major stakeholders of the Banking System. Firstly a customer when he think about to open account in any bank then first question come in his mind is safety of deposits. His cash save or not in that bank in which he keep the amount. Reliability: It is the most vital factor, which explains of the variation. Reliability factors such as employees in the bank are friendly and courteous .Parking facility, Loyalty Program, good brand name of the bank, security arrangement with the bank and low bank has low bank charges emerge with good positive correlations. This yields a great influence while choosing a banking service. Convenience: There are four loads to this factor. The factor Convenience is the second important factor, which accounts for nearly of the variations. The factors parking facility with the bank free delivery of demand draft Phone banking and free home cash delivery signifies that consumers want convenience in banking and they want to save time. Assurance: There are three significant variables with a variation of and these factors are speedy services bank provide good rate of interest zero balance account facility depicts that the students want assurance of the services from the bank. Value Added Services: This factor has the two significant variables, which has 7.36% of the variation, and this comprises of depicting the value added services required by the consumers. The factor representing debit card facility, loan facility and loyalty programs respectively show value added services are also a significant factor in choosing a bank. Accessibility: The next important factor, which comprises of four loadings, ATM facility, debit card facility speed in services and internet banking signifies that easy accessibility to their bank accounts is vital factor in choosing a bank. Responsiveness: Responsiveness is the next factor, which influences a consumer in choosing a bank. This factor has two loading namely the employees in the bank are friendly and courteous and convenient display of counters. Location: when choosing a location for a branch, each bank takes various factors into account, such as the level of income, branch functions, competition, land value, growth potential, and the number of financial institutions. Also, from the methodological perspective, each bank employs. and develops various mathematical models or continuously strives to apply new methods. The recent introduction of Geographic Information System (GIS) can be viewed as an extension of such trend. Bank image: The customers were found to form an image of a bank from various information sources, and such formed image had a significant influence on the profitability of the bank. Branch image, level of service, value of products, and the building should be considered in the evaluation of a banks profitability. Quality: customer perceptions and preferences of service quality have a Significant impact on a banks success Service quality has received much attention because of its obvious relationship with costs, financial performance, customer satisfaction, and customer retention. Acceptability: The point of acceptance in case of cheques, RTGS, NEFT and ECS would be the bank branches providing these facilities. While cheques are accepted at all bank branches in the country, extending the availability of NEFT and RTGS depend upon the technological level of the banks. While the reach of payment systems like RTGS and NEFT has expanded to cover more and more bank branches, their further expansion is limited by the presence of bank branches. Level of Technology: The level of technological adoption in the banks would also decide the level of promotion of new payment products by banks. Banks which have implemented Core Banking Solutions are observed have provided the customers multiple delivery channels like ATMs, internet banking and mobile banking systems for initiation and receipt of payments. Substantial usage of new payment instruments are observed in these banks. These banks have also recorded cost savings from the migration of payments to electronic modes from the traditional cash and cheques. Customer Service: The customer service is the main stepping-stone of any service industry. The payment systems are no exception to this. Customer services include (1) service level at the point of service (2) information dissemination and (3) grievance redressal. For gaining the confidence of a customer it is necessary that the service providers address these issues adequately. Service Charges: Services charge constitute the charge levied by banks on their customers who avail payment services. Since 1999, when the practice of Indian Banks Association (IBA) fixing the benchmark service charges (which IBA had started prescribing from 1994) on behalf of the member banks was discontinued, the decision to prescribe the service charges was left to the discrete on of the Boards of individual banks. Banks were then advised that, they should ensure that the service charges were reasonable and were not out of line with the average cost of providing the services and the customers with low volume of activities were not penalized. Presently the Reserve Bank has prescribed the levying of service charges only for cheque clearing operations. An amount of Rs.2/- is collected per paper instrument (Re.1/- each to be collected from the collecting and paying bank) cleared by the MICR Cheque Processing Centers. In case the paper instruments are processed manually, the clearing houses are required to add up all the expenditure incurred and then recover them from the members (banks) of the respective clearing houses. The levying of cheque collection and electronic payment processing charges by banks from customers is left to the respective banks. But it was observed that instead of prescribing judicious charges a number of banks levy heavy fees for the use of electronic payment systems like RTGS / NEFT/ ECS systems.

Pros And Cons Of Juvenile Drug Courts - 1589 Words

Drug Courts Haley Klimesh Community-Based Corrections September 29, 2017 Drug Courts Drug courts are problem solving courts that take a public health approach using a specialized model in which the judiciary, prosecution, defense bar, probation, law enforcement, mental health, social service, and treatment communities work together to help addicted offenders into long-term recovery. Drug courts began in 1989 in Florida, because it was assumed that people that had first time offenses with drugs, or low-level drug users could resist future drug use by this intervention than sending them to get locked up without any treatment. It was also assumed that the quicker treatments began after the initial arrest, the less time†¦show more content†¦A clinical assessment is then conducted for treatment needs. Different treatment plans are made for each client. Individualized treatment plans are used to make referrals and they are updated periodically.† Drug courts are for nonviolent drug offenders. The offender’s can have misdemeanors or felonies, but they have to agree to participate. An initial substance abuse assessment will determine the eligibility someone has for the program participation (Alarid, Montemayor, Dannhaus, 2012). Drug court treatment lasts one year and is based on a levels system. Phase one will begin with the most hours, a full time inpatient or 12 hours of outpatient per week. Treatment includes detoxifying in different ways including acupuncture, counseling, drug testing, and retina testing. Phase two begins when the offender is ready and progressing. As the patient progresses through and hits marks of success, the number of levels usually go down to less intensive outpatient treatment. And phase four is the final phase that needs to be completed before the person can graduate. With juvenile drug courts, parents are required to be there for the hearings and weekly family treatment sessions. Parents are needed to help with sobriety in the home through being good role models and helping their child (Alarid etShow MoreRelated Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MoreJuveniles Should Be Legal For Adult Courts1528 Words   |  7 Pagesor not juveniles should receive waivers to adult court. There are three methods that are used to transfer a juvenile to adult court. Juvenile waiver, statutory exclusion, and Concurrent Jurisdiction are the three different methods used to transfer a juvenile to adult court. Statutory exclusion is when the juvenile is transferred immediately to the adult court. Concurrent Jurisdiction is when the juvenile may be tried as an adult and a juvenile at once. Throughout all three methods juvenile waiverRead MoreAutomatic Transfer Law: An Effective Policy? 1171 Words   |  5 PagesThe juvenile justice system has gone through many transformations and changes in sentencing guidelines since its inception. These guidelines were put in place to establish a process through which juveniles are guaranteed resources for a chance at rehabilitation and integration back into society as a law-abiding citizen. Juvenile courts have a wide range of sentencing options which they can impose on juveniles or youth offenders found guilty of a criminal offense. The automatic transfer law is theRead MoreCalifornias Proposition 212140 Words   |  9 Pages This writer will explain the pros and cons about this proposition; as well as what voters voted for when they chose â€Å"yes† for this proposition. Research will be done in order to explain what the reasoning for Proposition 21, and the changes that occurred when it enacted in the State of California. The following information will be provided as well; prosecution of juveniles in adult court, juvenile incarceration and detention, changes in juvenile probation, juvenile record confidentiality and criminalRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Delinquency1652 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency Everyday we read in the newspaper or watch T.V and hear news of crimes committed by Juveniles. With all of the crime being reported by the media about juveniles, one can’t help but wonder if all of our nation’s youth are juvenile delinquents. Although there are many cases where the juvenile did not commit a serious crime, there are others where the crime is so bad the juvenile court system tries the juvenile as an adult. Instead of seeking help for the individual, our justiceRead MoreGrand Canyon Jus 505 All Week Discussions - Latest 2015748 Words   |  3 Pagescom/Grand-Canyon-JUS-505-All-Week-Discussions-Latest-2015-58650965065.htm?categoryId=-1 IF You Face Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM week 1 Max Points: 5.0 Research and read the Supreme Court case Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257, 261 (1971). Analyze why, even though the Supreme Court had ruled that plea bargaining was an essential and desirable part of the criminal justice system, the Attorney General of Alaska, Avrum Gross, ordered an end to all plea bargaining in 1975. Do you agreeRead MoreAnalysis Of George W. Jackson936 Words   |  4 Pageswith Lori Poston, LCSW, AADC, at Mid-South Health Systems here in Jonesboro, AR I learned some interesting things. Lori graduated with a BA in Social Work from ASU, MSSW from University of Tennessee and is professionally affiliated with Arkansas Drug Court Professionals with work experience that includes outpatient, adolescent residential, school based, medical/home health and hospice. Lori was motivated to do this field first with adoption because she knew she wanted to help with reaching out toRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is Locking Our Young Men And Young Women Under Juveniles188 5 Words   |  8 Pagesprison decrease crime among juveniles? How can a 13-year-old understand the Miranda rights? The system now focuses on the punishment of crime committed, when we need to focus on the child. We need to provide our youth offenders with options other than prison. Juveniles under the age of sixteen should not be tried as adults, sentenced to harsh punishments and placed at high risk with adult criminals. It’s time to resolve the issue and stop throwing life sentences at our juveniles. â€Å"Since the mid-1980sRead MoreThe Legal Before 18?3888 Words   |  16 Pagesto push children into the adult system. In our court system injustices are treated very differently based on a multitude of things like race, sex, etc. I am taking a stance on things based on older people fully having wisdom of the harsh crimes that they commit, whereas younger people are still young and have brains that aren’t fully developed and are still making mistakes that they would not have made if they were grown and fully developed. Juveniles Should Not Be punished As Adults Because It IsRead MoreRehabilitation : A Focus Than Punishment1903 Words   |  8 Pagesdetainment, bodily harm, and possibly even death. In th Punishment and rehabilitation have both good and bad points about them; the benefits of rehabilitation make it the better choice in my opinion. Rehabilitation provides both juvenile delinquents and potential juvenile delinquents with the necessary resources to understa nd the choices they have made, why they were wrong, and how to make better decisions in the future in order to become successful members of society. By providing counseling, self-esteem

Islamic Development Bank A Multilateral Financing...

below the age of five died by the end of the year 2005. Most of these deaths were from the causes that are preventable. The fifth criterion is improving maternal health. More than half a million women in Asia and Sub-Sahara died during childbirth or pregnancy. The causes of these deaths vary, but there is the need for intervention to deal with this problem. Islamic Development Bank This is a multilateral financing organization. It has its headquarters in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Islamic Development Bank was formed in the year 1973 by the Finance Ministers of member states. It was formed during the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (formerly known as Organization of the Islamic Conference). The King of Saudi Arabia (Faisal) supported the creation of this organization. The Islamic Development Bank started operating on October 20th, 1975 (Schiavone, 2015). Currently, the bank has 56 member states who are the shareholders of the bank. By the year 2013, the bank decided to triple its authorized capital to $150 billion. This move was meant to better serve non-member countries and Muslim in members. The Islamic Development Bank has a good credit rating of AAA, which it got from Fitch and Standards Moody’s. A large portion of the paid-up capital of the bank is held by Saudi Arabia. It holds approximately one-quarter of the capital. This bank also plays the role of observer at the United Nations General Assembly. The Islamic Development Bank has 56 countries. For a country toShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Islamic Banking Essay3056 Words   |  13 Pages INTRODUCTION The basic concept of Islamic banking which is also known as interest-free banking is based on basic ethical standards with just one main difference- Muslims are not allowed to pay or receive interest. This does not mean that business activities or making a profit are not encouraged, they are but as long as they don’t involve interest in any form. To fulfil this purpose, financial instruments have been introduced by the Islamic financial institutions to satisfy these requirementsRead MoreThe United States : Diplomatic Relations With The Iran1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America does not have diplomatic relations with the Iran. To summarize the events that led to the current situation, The Islamic Republic of Iran established diplomatic relations with the United States of America in 1883, then known as Persia (Martin 19). Through the influence of the USA, the country came to establish a limited constitutional monarchy to help replace the dictatorial monarchy in 1906. In 1953, following the oppressive rule, there was a coup that overthrew theRead MoreThe Role of Financial Institutions in the Economic Development of Bangladesh11088 Words   |  45 Pagesfinancial intermediaries. Most financial institutions are highly regulated by government. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institutions: 1. Deposit-taking institutions that accept and manage deposits and make loans, including banks, building societies, credit unions, trust companies, and mortgage loan companies 2. Insurance companies and pension funds; and 3. Brokers, underwriters and investment funds. Function Financial institutions provide service as intermediaries ofRead MoreFdi in Pakistan6409 Words   |  26 Pagesany one of the following: an individual; a group of related individuals; an incorporated or unincorporated entity; a public company or private company; a group of related enterprises; a government body; an estate (law), trust or other societal organization; or any combination of the above. IMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT TO A COUNTRY The Asian currency crisis that erupted in Thailand in July 1997 and has since spread to other countries, particularly Indonesia, Republic of Korea (Korea)Read MoreThe Intervention Of The Usa Into Somali The Causes Of Humanitarian Failure3239 Words   |  13 Pagesresolve a conflict. This often includes political, economic, developmental, institution-building, humanitarian and human rights elements, which must involve other parts of the UN system—both UN bodies and Member States—and other international organizations (UN 2003 pg 6). Though containing the word â€Å"humanitarian,† this is the normal definition of such intervention. The commitment of any of the parties was questionable. That the intervening party have an â€Å"achievable mandate† is another conditionRead MoreIssues Between Palestine and Israelis3163 Words   |  13 Pagesshares 76 kilometers of border with Syria in the North East. The two disputed territories that are occupied by the Israeli Army but under the autonomous control of the Palestinian Authority are the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. These two territories amount to roughly 6400 square kilometers, the West Bank makes up the majority of this area – it amounts to 6000 square kilometers in the Eastern part of the country and borders the nation of Jordan. Jews have long considered Israel to be their nationalRead MoreA National Security Strategy for the Philippines7627 Words   |  31 Pagescommunication with all stakeholders. 1. SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 1.1 Globalization Undeniably, the trend among nations worldwide is increased interconnectivity of political, economic and cultural structures. It is therefore prudent to consider that developments in other countries and regions that were previously viewed as totally unrelated to the Philippines have started to be seen as significant and of increasing relevance. The concept of global competitiveness has lately become of import to policymakersRead MoreA National Security Strategy for the Philippines7617 Words   |  31 Pageswith all stakeholders. 1. SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 1.1 Globalization Undeniably, the trend among nations worldwide is increased interconnectivity of political, economic and cultural structures. It is therefore prudent to consider that developments in other countries and regions that were previously viewed as totally unrelated to the Philippines have started to be seen as significant and of increasing relevance. The concept of global competitiveness has lately become of import to policymakersRead MoreThe Hawala Extortion Method 18441 Words   |  74 Pagesof exchange hawala is an unofficial alternative remittance and money exchange system enabling the transfer of funds without their actual physical move. Traditional financial institutions may be involved but more often the system is used to bypass banks. There are an estimated 3000 international hawala brokers operating in Asia. Allegedly the business is monopolized by migrants from India who mostly operate from countries in the Gulf and South East Asia. Networks include trading points in the financialRead MorePakistan: Recent Economic Developments and Future Prospects6221 Words   |  25 PagesPAKISTAN: RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS ISHRAT HUSAIN Most of the news emanating about Pakistan in the Western media relate to terrorism, bomb blasts, Islamic fundamentalism, nuclear non proliferation, military rule etc. Seldom does one see a positive story appearing about Pakistan’s remarkable economic turnaround. But the fact of the matter is that despite such negative image Pakistan is one of the favored destinations for foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investment

Moving From Manual Computerized Accounting â€Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss About The Moving From Manual Computerized Accounting? Answer: Introduction Bakery is engaged in selling bread and confectionary items. The business has so far relied on manual accounting. It is considering buying an accounting software. The following report discusses what are the accounting software choices available to the business. It is advised that the business adopts accounting software Xero. This would also result in better inventory control and costs would be brought down. Business activities of a bakery A bakery business involves making and selling items like cakes, donuts, muffins, desserts, biscuits and breads along with other confectionary items like toffees and chocolates (Dawn, 2017). A bakery business can be started from home or a rented place. A kitchen is needed to make bakery products. The kitchen should contain an oven, mixers and grinders, central table, pans and other utensils. There is a need for a Chef to make the bakery products. The ingredients like flour, dry fruits, eggs, milk and creams along with chocolates are needed. At the time of starting a bakery it has to be decided how much would be the capital of the business, what are the products that would be sold, who would be the customers of the business and how many people would be employed in the bakery (Nerdwallet, 2017). There are different types of bakery businesses. One is the counter service where the customers come to the bakery and collect bakery products from the counter (Bplans, 2017). They do not stay in the bakery premises for long. In this case the bakery would not need much space. Another type of bakery is where the customers can sit on the seats which are there in the bakery. In this case the bakery has to invest more in furniture. More space is needed. Another type of bakery is online where orders are booked on the internet and delivery is made at the residence of the customers by the baker (Bplans, 2017). This helps to save the capital costs for the bakery owners. The location of the bakery is very important. It should be located where people live. The surroundings of the bakery should be clean and spacious. If well to do people live in the area, it would be easier to market the products. The bakery has to decide what sort of products to make. There is need for some market research . The bakery should be able to capitalize on the festival season like Christmas and New Year when the sales should be more. The bakery can supply cakes on weddings and birthdays of customers. The baker need to have good marketing skills in order to beat the competition as there would be more bakers in the area (Eliott, Thiele and Waller, 2014). The baker should know a number of recipes and should be able to come up with new recipes from time to time (Chron, 2017). The bakery owner should know how to source raw materials. Further accounting has to be done regarding the purchases and sales along with different expenses. It would be needed to register the business of bakery. The kind of business entity to be formed is to be decided. The business formed could be sole proprietorship, partnership or a company (Chron, 2017). Processes which are indispensable for bakery A bakery cannot be run without people. The bakery would have to recruit people with diverse qualifications (Nel, 2012). A bakery would need a Chef who would make different bakery products. Chef is a person with specialized knowledge. The number of good Chefs is limited. The bakery would have to give an advertisement for hiring a Chef or the owner of the bakery would have certain contacts with people who would recommend a Chef or a baker. The bakery would enquire where the candidate has worked before and what kind of products like cakes, bread and biscuits the individual has been making in auditing past. Some assistants to the baker would also need to be recruited in certain cases. Similarly sales staff who would be working at the counter would also need to be recruited (Eliott, Thiele and Waller, 2014). Such a person would have to be honest as the individual would be taking payments from the customers. The person would have to be trained regarding how to complete the billing process. There would be need for certain internal controls in this regard. An accountant would also need to be hired a proper record of all sales and expenses has to be made. Another activity which the bakery cannot do without is procurement of raw materials which are needed for making bakery products (Dawn, 2017). Things could be bought from retail outlets or directly from farmers or also online. Proper inventory management is needed. The production at the bakery should not stop because there are no sufficient raw materials in stock. Only quality raw materials should be procured. If the raw materials are not good, the end products would not be good and this would harm the reputation of the bakery. The sales would then go down. A large bakery would have a specialized purchase officer who would look after the procurement of materials. Outcomes required from processes If a bakery follows a proper recruitment process, it would be able to hire a good Chef which can do wonders for a bakery (Nel, 2012). Such an individual would know the art of developing new recipes. Customers get bored with eating same food. The Chef would know the art of baking. The individual would know how to operate the oven well, the time that should be taken to keep the bread in the oven. The cakes and biscuits would look good and smell well. They would have more shelf life. The Chef would follow quality control. New shapes would be given to cakes and pastries. Customers would be attracted by looking at the cakes in the shelf. In the end it is the product that matters especially if the customer takes it away to its home. The bakery would do well if the sales staff is good and knows about the positives of different products of the bakery. If the sales people have good communication skills, they would know more about the art of customer relationship management (Buttle and Maklan, 2015). There would be repeat customers of the bakery who would be attracted by the good service of the sales staff who would promptly serve their orders in a good mood without getting irritated by the work load due to more customers. If the bakery is small and growing there is need for good service. If proper cleaning of bakery is done regularly, good people would come to it. If there is proper accounting, no money would be wasted. The management would be able to know what are the expenses and take steps to control them. There would be good management information system (Gray, 2014). Management would know the current stock of various items in the inventory and take steps to replenish depleting stocks. If the raw materials procured are of good quality, the end products would also taste and smell good. Software features that should be considered Any business would like to know the result of the business operations at the end of the financial year. The result might be profit or loss. Nowadays accounting software have become very advanced. The bakery business would like the accounting software to make the profit and loss statement at the end of the year. This statement should show opening stock of raw materials, purchases, expenses like rent, electricity, transport, telephone, wages and salaries. It should show closing stock, sales and other items like profit or loss from sale of any fixed asset (Mattison et al., 2015). The accounting software in present times show profit and loss statements instantly as voucher entries are made daily. In manual accounting journal entries are made. They are then posted in ledger accounts. These ledger accounts are balanced and these balances are then used to make trial balance. From this trial balance final accounts profit and loss account and balance sheet are made (Curtis and Averis, 2014). In the case of accounting software voucher entries are to be made and ledger accounts are automatically made and trial balance is also made instantly automatically. The bakery would like the accounting software to provide this facility. The accounting process is shown below: The bakery has many big buyers. It would like to keep track of the amount that these buyers owe to the bakery at any point of time. This helps in customer relationship management (Buttle and Maklan, 2015). The accounting software should provide this facility. In this way all debtors would be known. The bakery would thus make efforts to collect payments from them. This would mean better cash position for the company as it would have more funds. These funds could be used to buy more raw materials and pay for other expenses incurred. Inventory is an important aspect for the bakery. It procures raw materials for production. There should be enough raw materials in the stores to support production. The accounting software should create separate accounts for each material in the inventory. The balance of a material if it falls below a certain minimum amount the bakery can order the same keeping the lead time in mind. As an item of inventory is being used up, the entry is made in the software by the accountant and instant balance of the account should be shown by the software. The accounting software must make accurate calculations with speed. The accounting software should be easy to operate and should not be complicated. The accounting software should calculate the balance sheet automatically to show the financial position of the bakery at any time. All the current and fixed assets and liabilities should be shown in the balance sheet (Deegan, 2012). The accounting software should also make cash flow statement and do ratio analysis also calculating various ratios. The cash flow statement would show inflow and outflow of cash. The bakery would be able to keep track of the movement of cash which is the most important element of the business. A firm which can control cash would not suffer misappropriation of cash. It would be able to make use of the available cash in an efficient manner. Category of software suitable for bakery Bakery should adopt medium end accounting software. It has sufficient amount of sales. Low end software should not be adopted as they do not have enough features although they are simple to understand. In this case spreadsheets might have to be added to the low end software to make it useful. High end software are adopted by big companies which have several layers of management and large number of employees (Fitrix, 2017). In this case accounting work is complex and more advanced and specialized software is required. More controls are needed by the company. The bakery is comparatively smaller in size than a big firm. If too complex software is taken, the accountant and employees of the company would get confused and daunted. Higher end software has features like multicurrency transactions can be recorded. Accounting data from multiple locations is consolidated. Such features are not of much use to Bakery at present so there is no need to buy expensive software which is not completely used. It is better to opt for medium end which is sophisticated to a certain degree. Comparison of features of Myob and Xero The users of accounting software can do lot of things with the accounting software Myob and Xero. The Myob software can do lot of things like prepare general ledger. This would contain different accounts relating to expenses, income, assets and liabilities. The personal accounts of customers of the company are also calculated. In Myob bank reconciliation statement is also automatically made. This statement shows the reasons why there is a difference in the cash balance as per the cash book of the company and the bank statement. There was a time when this statement was made manually by the accountants of companies but now this statement is calculated by the accounting software as few entries are made in the accounting software. This facility is also there in Xero. Myob helps the companies in creating invoices of customers. Different details of the customers are fed into the computer in the given proforma or design. The amount owed by the customer is automatically calculated. If any particular invoice is needed from the past, it can be obtained after a few clicks. The records of customer invoices has been already made in the computer. They can be referred to any time. This helps in customer relationship management. Xero provides facility for customized invoices that can be made by the company. The other option for the company is to add its logo to the design made by Xero (Etaxlocal, 2017). This helps the company to create an identity among the customers through invoices. Myob provides facility for inventory control. The balance of any material in the inventory can be found instantly. Both the quantity and the value of a material in the inventory are shown instantly. Myob provides the facility for budgeting and forecasting in the software. Production budgets can be made where cost of production is estimated. The material, labour and overheads estimates are put in the computer and projections for the future are made by the software. Balance sheet and profit and loss statement are made by both Myob and Xero as accounting data is fed into the computer (GetApp, 2017). Myob also provides for sales tax management. When invoices are made sales tax is also computed and included. The total amount of sales tax is also shown by the software. Xero also helps in payroll accounting. The amount of salary that the company has to pay to each employee is calculated by the computer. The data regarding hundreds of workers is kept in the software. The amount owing to any worker can be instantly found with the use of the software. Most suitable software package for bakery The bakery business should adopt Xero software which enables professional invoices to be made. In the formation of invoices the software helps avoid repetitive data entry with different tools in the software. Invoices are created quickly with this software (Xero, 2017). This means more work gets done in less time. As less data is to be fed while making invoices, there are less chances of an error taking place. Xero also provides the facility of customized invoices. The software provides the facility to convert purchase orders from customers to invoices with speed. The bakery business has difficulty in selling products at competitive prices. If it can keep the costs under control, it can charge better price. Xero software provides simple inventory tracking that is good for single location retailers and wholesalers. The business can keep track of various items in the stock with the help of the software. The firm can calculate the profit margins on the products moving in and out of inventory with the help of the software conveniently (Horngren, 2013). The business can know which are the items moving out of the inventory with speed and what the company is earning on these items. The items which are moving fast need to be replenished with speed and orders are to be placed with the suppliers. The company can make purchase orders in time with the help of the software. The software also allows the purchase orders to be tracked, that is, what are the orders that have been placed with the suppliers, the cost at which they have been made and when the delivery is expected (Xero, 2017). All this information is represented in an organized way in the software. There are other facilities in the software which can quickly import large numbers of inventory items from a spreadsheet. In this way work of different people can be integrated with convenience. Another feature of the software is that one can attach files and documents to accounting transactions so that related information is stored in one place for reference. For example in the case of record of purchases, the delivery note and bills from suppliers can be attached. This acts as an internal control system. Payment would be made for only those purchase orders for which delivery has been made. Apart from this the payroll management can be done in a better way with this software than Myob. Similarly expense claims are also better accounted for with this software. Conclusion Any company which has been doing manual accounting would think hard before buying an accounting software. It is not just the expenses involved in adopting such software, but the impact on business operations that is important. The accounting software Myob and Xero, both are capable of organizing the accounting system and result in speedier accounting process. These software are also very accurate. Both these software have common features and perform almost similar tasks. But Xero has an edge over Myob especially in invoicing and tracking purchase orders. References Atrill, P., Mclaney, E. And Harvey, D. (2014) Accounting: an introduction. Australia: Pearson. Bplans (2017) How to start a bakery: the ultimate guide for business. Available at: https://articles.bplans.com/the-bakers-guide-to-opening-a-successful-bakery/ (Accessed: 8 September 2017). Buttle, F. and Maklan, S. (2015) Customer relationship management: concepts and technologies. Australia: Taylor Francis Ltd. Chron (2017) How to open a bakery : step by step instructions. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/open-bakery-stepbystep-instructions-11543.html (Accessed: 8 September 2017). Curtis, V. And Averis, L. (2014) Bookkeeping for dummies. Australia: Wiley. Dawn (2017) Baking ingredients bakery products. Available at: https://www.dawnfoods.com/products (Accessed: 8 September 2017). Deegan, C. (2012) Australian financial accounting. 7th edn. Australia: McGraw Hill Australia. Eliott, G., Thiele, S. and Waller, D. (2014) Marketing. 3rd edn. Australia : Wiley. Etaxlocal (2017) Xero Vs Myob. Available at: https://www.etaxlocal.com.au/blog/xero-vs-myob/ (Accessed: 9 September 2017). Fitrix (2017) Specialized ERP software geared towards your small or medium sized electronics manufacturing business. Available at: https://www.fitrix.com/specialized-erp-software-geared-towards-your-small-or-medium-sized-electronics-manufacturing-business/ (Accessed: 11 September 2017). GetApp (2017) Xero Vs Myob comparison chart. Available at : https://www.getapp.com/finance-accounting-software/a/xero/compare/myob/ (Accessed: 9 September 2017). Gray, H., Issa, T., Pye, G., Troshani, I., Rainer, R., Prince, B. And Watson, H. (2014) Management information systems. Australia: John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd. Horngren, C. (2013) Cost accounting: a managerial emphasis. Australia: Pearson Education Australia. Mattison, B., Matsumura, E., Nobles, T., Best, P., Fraser, D., Tan, R. and Willet, R. (2015) Horngrens financial accounting. 8th edn. Australia: Pearson Australia. Nel, P. (2012)Human resource management : in Australia and New Zealand. Australia: Victoria Oxford Press. Nerdwallet (2017) 6 financial tips for starting a successful bakery. Available at: https://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/small-business/6-financial-tips-starting-successful-bakery/ (Accessed: 8 September 2017). Xero (2017) Create purchase orders. Available at: https://www.xero.com/ (Accessed: 9 September 2017). Xero (2017) Easy invoicing. Available at: https://www.xero.com/ (Accessed: 9 September