Faculty Member Participation in Decision-making of Universities Essay

Decisions encapsulate and encompass the people and system that make up any institution or organization. The decisions and those making them reflect one another to give an accurate and precise notion of how they want to be perceived generally. In this effect, those that are not accounted for in the decision making process are not reflected in the notion of perception by society. Therefore, I am proposing that the faculty member must be given ample respect and opportunity in the decisions of the university. This proposal shall thus center its attention at the teaching staff members of University of Nottingham in Australia and king Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The main issue that is a stake here is the value and importance of including the decisions of a member of a teaching staff in the overall decisions in the university. The underlying implication here is to ask whether or not the decision of a faculty staff member will be beneficial or detrimental to the university. Moreover, pragmatically speaking, the decision process of any university must take into consideration the ideas and contributions of every staff and school official due to the fact that each of them knows what is happening in the university from their own point of view and at the same time, they will also be affected by the decisions they make. The decision that does not include other related aspects that can be attributed to it such as those that a faculty staff member can bring in making decisions will not be as encompassing as it should be. It is therefore a privilege to make this study and be able to promulgate this stand of revolutionizing the decision making process in the university so that it may truly encapsulate the very nature and purpose of what it really means to make the decisions. And at the same time, this research will draw the spotlight to where darkness has already made its niche; the unheard voices of the teaching staff members. Relevant Theories and Literature People say that making decisions is like speaking prose because they do it all the time knowingly and unknowingly. It is thus hardly surprising that the topic of decision making involves many disciplines, from mathematics to statistics, through economics and political science, to sociology and psychology (Kahneman and Tversky, 2000). Still, there are even some who liken and compare the nature of decision making to that of the game of chess analyzing the complex and multiple implications that it entails (Katsenelinboigen, 1997). While on the other hand, there are those who rely on statistical and mathematical facts administering decision theory (Berger, 1980). The responsibility of decision making and taking decisions are considered the essence of the administrative process as emphasized by Simon (AL Masri, 1989) since it forms an important part of the positions needed by humanitarian institutions including higher educational institutions. Academic sections in university faculties of different specialties are considered a means for satisfying universities basic objectives as 80% of administrative decisions are taken at the level of departments (Athuhaibti, 1981). The academic department, as seen by Anderson, is the academic unit that involves specialists in research, teaching and other academic aspects. Decision making in the administrative sphere consists of three basic pillars. The first one is about the availability of a human person in a position that has its special circumstances. Secondly, it also important to think in those circumstances to find an outlet to them. And lastly, it is vital to think right to be able to ensure an effective outlet or a suitable alternative. In another aspect, if this is seen from a statistical perspective, the decision making aspect of every problem can actually be formalized through an explicit specification covering the available decisions, the items of cost and gain involved in making the decisions and the relevant probability distributions (De Groot, 2004). Therefore, it is of great importance and of considerable value that a teaching staff member in a university’s department to be given the amount of respect in sharing the responsibilities in making the important decisions with regard to the university whether it is in a large scale level or in a small scale level. Such a person must be heard and be given significant attention for the very reason that the person who can make the best, most practical and most meaningful decisions are the very persons who are affected by the issues at hand and also the very persons for whom the decision will be made in the first place. How can anyone make a concrete and feasible decision if the very person making the decision does not even fully understand and feel the root and effects of the very decision itself? Moreover, it must be absolutely imperative that superiors deal with their subordinates under the bases of psycho humanitarian manners. What is essential to comprehend here is the fact that every person must be treated as a human being and not just a mere willing tool carrying out tasks. People must never be treated as a mere object disregarding their moral feelings and existence who are just as affected by the environment and the natural surroundings like everyone else regardless of their race, gender, color, ethnicity, educational attainment, and nationality. As a result, leadership should pay attention to the needs of their subordinates in a serious way. Thus, another essential thing is the value of loyalty. Loyalty here is not lopsided where in one side shall receive all the benefits while the other lifts the burdens of responsibility. The subordinates must be loyal to their leaders, and in the same way, the leaders must be loyal and even responsible for their subordinates. At the end of the day, both sides must work as one and realize that loyalty and responsibility does not only come through carrying out decisions, but more importantly, it is about the successful dialogue and participation in decision making by all. The subject matter of this study shall delve into the necessity and the relevancy of the involvement of the teaching staff members in the decision making process in the administrative arena qualifying and valuing their decision making contributions and capabilities not only for the betterment of the university but for the growth and development of the teaching staff members as well. This will then give credence and moral boosting performance and efficiency to their respective academic fields. This will further create more new and viable ideas that are usually unnoticed and ignored due to the massiveness of certain issues that are encountered in the decision making process. In addition, this will greatly lessen the burden of responsibility and the pressure of infallibility carried by the higher officials. Some institutions and organizations find the decision making process to be so relatively important that computer-based decision support systems have been invented to assist decision makers in considering the implications of various courses of thinking and help reduce risk in human errors (Flyvbjerg, 2006) Study Methodology This research shall depend in studying the subject and issues at hand through an analytical descriptive method. The research method will follow any deduction that takes this phenomenon from psychological and educational aspects as it is in present time for the purpose of diagnosing, revealing and identifying the relationships among its components or among educational, psychological or social aspects (Al-Ghanem, 1988). The focal point in this research method is seeing the interconnectedness and most importantly, the interdependence of every aspect and relationship that the faculty staff member has with the university. Empirical Work With regard to the empirical data that needs to be collected for this research, the primary source to look with respect to this proposal is the system of the university itself. This comprises of knowing who makes the decisions and how these people make them. The university structural hierarchy will give an ample specification of the decision making process in the university. Moreover, the opinions of the faculty staff members and school officials in relation to the decision making process will be a good foundation for this research. It is also of considerable value in tackling this issue by understanding the location and type of universities that will be assesses as well as the country or culture of the faculty staff members and school officials who will be involved. This research will concentrate on two universities as mentioned. The advantage of this is that the research will have a vast and diverse analysis on the matter and will not be limited by the boundaries that are set by the geographical location. The disadvantage of this research might be seen in the inconsistency in any information gathered. This may arise because of location of the universities and also the willingness of people to give truthful and relevant information. It is expected that this research may cause hesitancy to certain people due to the delicate issue it is asserting. Study Importance The importance of this study arises from the fact that it is going to: 1. Highlight the necessity of opening new horizons to a teaching staff member concerning the optimal method of participating in decision making so as to be an active member in promoting administrative work, which in turn also serves as an academic work done by the member himself. 2. Help the teaching staff member in employing and enhancing his various abilities and techniques in fields widening their knowledge aside from teaching, i. e. getting him outside the closed circle of academic work as well. 3. This study will transform and alter the terms of knowing the participation of a teaching staff member in decision making in University of Nottingham and King Saud University. 4. Add new information and recommendations that help and benefit in increasing the effective participation of a teaching staff member in decision making in those two universities. Study Objectives This study aims to identify teaching staff members’ points of view or perception regarding their participation in making decisions in University of Nottingham and King Saud University and in a way that is more defined; this current study aims at the following: 1. Identifying the extent of teaching staff members’ participation or contribution in university decision making in University of Nottingham and King Saud University. 2. Knowing the extent of difference in the points of view of the subjects of the study sample concerning participation in decision making with the difference of study variables. 3. Identifying the degree of importance of teaching staff member in university decision making by perceiving it through three dimensional studies: the academic dimension, the administrative dimension and the financial dimension. 4. Diagnose the obstacles that can lead a teaching staff member not to participate in making university decisions. Let it therefore be stated that this study tries to state out the motives and value of the teaching staff members in participating in decision making process at the level of the University of Nottingham in Australia and king Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as the factors that hamper or hinder their participation in an effective and beneficial way. Study Questions: The researcher will discuss his study questions with respect to the objectives mentioned above, therefore, the study will revolve around the following four questions: Question (1) How far or to what extent can a teaching staff member of the University of Nottingham participate in the university’s decision making process from the point of view of the study sample individuals? Question (2) How far or to what extent can a teaching staff member of the King Saud University participate in the university’s decision making process from the point of view of the study sample individuals? Question (3) Are there any statistical differences among the points on view of the study sample subjects concerning the participation extent in university decision making in accordance with demographic variables (gender, nationality, academic degree and experience)? Question (4) Does the degree of extent of a teaching staff member’s participation in university decision making differs towards the three dimensional study: â€Å"the academic dimension, the administrative dimension and the financial dimension† with the demographic variables: â€Å"gender, nationality and the difference in job (administrative and non administrative)? Question (5) What are the obstacles or hindrances that lead the teaching staff member from refraining or from being prevented to participate in university decision making from the points of view of study sample individuals? Conclusion I am therefore optimistic that this research can revolutionize or change the traditional way of how faculty staff members, school officials and universities think and interact in their own school communities. This research can further foster dialogue with regard to the conflicts that may arise between faculty staff members and school officials. This research can also bring about beneficial and better improvements to the university as a whole through having a comprehensive decision making process. This research makes an original contribution in the issue at hand because of the diversity in the information and subjects that are discussed which are not limited to only one culture, system or location thereby filling the gaps of other related researches that have narrowly focused in a limited subject and area. Finally, this research can expand to improving educational systems as a whole and also foster a developmental analysis on faculty staff member or school officials as indivudals. References: 1. Al-Masri, Ahmad Mohammad. (1989) Communications, Decisions and their Effectiveness in Administration, Dubai, Dar Al-Kalam. 2. Berger, James O. (1980) Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis. 2nd ed. Springer Series in Statistics. 3. Best John, translated by Abdullaziz Ghanem Al-Ghanem and revised by Adel Izziddin Al-Ashwal. (1988) Educational Research Methods. Al-Kuwait Institution for Scientific Development, The Directorate of writing, translation and publishing, Al-Kuwait. 4. De Groot, Morris. (2004) Optimal Statistical Decisions. Wiley Classics Library. 5. Flyvbjerg, Bent. (2006) From Nobel Prize to Project Management: Getting Risks Right. Project Management Journal, vol. 37, no. 3, August 2006, pp. 5-15. 6. Kahneman, Daniel and Tversky, Amos. (2000) Choice, Values, Frames. The Cambridge University Press. 7. Katsenelinboigen, Aron. (1997) The Concept of Indeterminism and Its Applications: Economics, Social Systems, Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, and Aesthetics Praeger: Westport, Connecticut.

Effects of Social Problems Symptoms Essay

The symptoms of social problems among teenagers in this day will give you an impression of the enormous impact and in the individual, society and the State. Teens on this day is the main asset and it is essential in the development of the country at the time to come. Effect of long term and short term will surely apply if teenagers and society on this day does not know how to menanganani problems that exacerbated the tapered, this makes the formation of identity and the glory of the morals of our society’s eyes fragile self.Morals is mirrored themselves for personal and individual. If the individual has a bad character, then that personal individual will also be bad. Teens who have bad attitudes, and may give the impression to oneself, family, community, and country. One employee who was born this mortal circle like a white cloth sesuci no kotoranya, it is it is up on the individual it how he wants to mencorakkan his life. Individuals who mencorakkan himself with a good character will be seen noble and high, as opposed to the individual who mencorakkan himself with negative things will be perceived by the public and angle dicemuh round. For someone who had the title of Muslims are predominantly teens, good morals should be decorated with the things of faith and devotion to God. Instead, the muslim teenager kebanyankkan on today is not in accordance with the teachings of islam, by contrast, Nations and religions humiliating the country. Cannot be disclaimed warranties are also symptoms of social impression this gives a deep impression on a person’s teens. Families play a role that is very important because of the happiness and harmony of the institution of kekeluargaanlah something that society was formed. The collapse of the family institution will cause a loss of happiness and harmony experienced something of the community. The morals of an individual good and noble juveniles comes from a family institution that harmony and happy. Therefore, the collapse of morals in the family institution will give a great impression upon the happiness and harmony of the family institution. something As a result of his careless harmonian in family a family no doubt will be the enactment of penceraian. This will make the future children will be left unattended and not well maintained, beyond missing site dependent and bermanja. The effect the enactment of social problems such as drugs, addictive lepak cultures, prostitution, gambling, same-sex relationships and other issues. Falls and ups something the State, religion and the nation at present is to see morals and moral thing for society. The disclaimed warranties not the morals of adolescents in today’s highly membimbangkan society. If this is not dammed by the party – the party that, chiefly by the Empire, then it is not surprising, someday will come our society will crumble and collapse the morals of adolescents – Malay teen will chiefly rosak and perish. However there is the sharpest impression that will be seen on teen attitudes, and presumably today is not dammed quickly. People in this country will be porak-peranda, were divided and not United-ECE. As a result the bad feelings and prejudices will exist within the community. The nature of each curiga-mencurigai will be enthroned in the hearts of the people. This impression when menberi goes pergaduhan in the community. The incoherent issues will exist if pergaduhan this involves between two clans. As for the crime levels in the community will also increase to which this is due to the levels of moral collapse among teenagers has increased. The main implications against the State if the symptoms are not social ditengani soon will lead the country will lose the leadership generation upholstery in the future. This will make the country’s development will be terbantut kerancakan and State socioeconomic data into humid country because his social and moral collapse of the symptoms is high among the public. This makes the case for the crime levels in the country will also increase in line with increased social symptoms he while enhancing the perbelajaan of kos to reduce rates for the crime. Beyond the evils outside evils will seep into the country if the young generation today don’t know keep their morals. And, the main impression is that teens today are predominantly of Islamic morals teenagers crushed and then view rosak Gentiles against religion that we anuti on this day surely gone Askew and bad.

INTRO INTO LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

INTRO INTO LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT 1 - Assignment Example In the state of Tennessee, the first requirement for potential law enforcement officers is a minimum age of 21 years. Actually, candidates may apply for the officers’ position 2 months prior to their 21st birthday. In addition, persons who previously served in the military must have been honorably discharged from service. In terms of driving capability, Tennessee requires a minimum of Class D driving license with no record of chargeable road offenses. Academically, one must possess at least a GED or a high school diploma. Previous conviction and plea of quilt to possession, use and sale of controlled substances, with the exception of Marijuana, serve as grounds for disqualification. Association with Marijuana is examined in terms of last-time use whereby applicants are eligible if they used marijuana more than 2 years before the date of application. With respect to physical suitability, Tennessee Peace Officers Standards requires one to have normal color vision, average depth perception and a minimum binoculars vision of 20 feet (Conner & Rebecca, 2011). With respect to Mississippi, every candidate aspiring to become a law enforcement officer must have a minimum age of 21 years old. In terms of physical fitness, candidates must have normal vision and hearing. In addition, physical fitness evaluation will include agility tests in running and maneuvering through zigzag obstacles. Aside from having a high school diploma or a GED, candidates must pass small tests on basic mathematics skills and grammar in incident report writing. Medically, persons with likelihood of developing respiratory and cardiovascular complications are not eligible. According to Conner and Rebecca (2011), Mississippi also requires that candidates undergo a thorough psychological assessment in order to ascertain their ability to handle work-related stress in a mentally stable manner. Lastly,

American constitution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American constitution - Assignment Example Secondly, it should provide social infrastructure wherein the citizens can interact well and establish connections and ties with one another. Thirdly, it is tasked in protecting human rights and upholding and ensuring that everyone is treated fairly and accorded with the things that are of the essence to being human. Citizens should be safeguarded against violations of human rights. And lastly, it is the government’s role to provide public safety. In relation with its other roles, this dictates that it should protect the state from both internal and external threats, be it in whatever nature such as, but not limited to, political, military, health, etc. 2.Define democracy and discuss 5 bases of democracy(five bases to use are, self-government john locke-2nd treaties on government, social contract, majority rule, minority rights, limited government, democratic institution, free election, free expression of ideas ). In the modern era of politics, democracy as a form of government has risen as the most widely practiced form of government. The word can be literally translated to mean as the Government of the People/Majority (Becker and Raveloson 4). It is easily distinguishable from other forms of government such as monarchy, aristocracy, and dictatorship simply because the governing body comes from the people themselves. Leaders of such government and elected and empowered by the people in the rationale of them serving the common interest of its citizens. 3. Discuss 5 types of powers (Reward-ability to provide what others don’t have, Coercive-ability to punish, Authority-based on titles and position, Expert-based on knowledge, Referant-based on charisma or respect. The reward-ability power is anchored in the ability of the authoritative entity to grant and motivate its constituents by its desires and undesirables. This regards the work of

Islamic Empires Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Islamic Empires - Assignment Example This displays the compactness and discipline of the ancient sultan community. The Topkapi palace Harem also captured my attention. Harem displays the secrecy of the Sultans. The creation of the harem is done with the consideration of secrecy and privacy. For the sultan housed in the harem, they are provided with all hospitable requirements such as kitchens and bathrooms (The Topkapi Palace Museum). As one enters the Topkapi Palace the harem captures one view as it differentiation from other building makes it beautiful. A view of the palace attires and garments is also captivating. In this section, the costumes and attires by the Sultans are displayed. The costumes portray the original picture of fashion. The attires are exceptionally woven to depict both superiority and sacredness of the sultans. In the Palace, the Chambers of the Sacred Relics is also captivating. The chambers consist of all relics since 1517 (The Topkapi Palace Museum). All relics presented are of great value to the ancient community that resided in the palace. The most significant relic in the chambers is the Prophet Bamboo bow. In addition, the chamber has all the swords used religious leaders and the first four Caliphs. The chambers display the massive history of the era leading to the creation and development of the Palace. In addition, the chambers provide a person with an understanding of the role relics used by leaders in the ancient community. The imperial treasury also bears great significance in the palace. The treasury is divided into four areas, the treasury salon I, II, III and IV. Each treasure salon housed different relics and gifts. One major treasure in the chambers is the gifts presented to Prophet Mohammed (The Topkapi Palace Museum). The collection in the treasure is vast and captivating. All the important relics in the palace were conserved in the treasury which provides a visit understand the community of the

Aboriginal peiple of canada Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aboriginal peiple of canada - Assignment Example ing to grow in every possible way (within the framework of this aspect of Medicine wheel Native Americans usually use cedar as a cleansing medicine for body and soul and drink sacred tea); West represents adult stage and symbolizes the heart that helps one learn about the power of change, accept aging and find peace within oneself (within the framework of this aspect of Medicine wheel Native Americans usually eat berries like strawberry as a medicine); North represents rest and wisdom (within the framework of this aspect of Medicine wheel Native Americans usually advice to be mindful about physical bodies). This philosophy differs in some insignificant details from tribe to tribe. To stay fit and healthy both mentally and physically a human being must be in sync with all four dimensions of that wheel. 2. The essential aspects of a human being as expressed in the Four Directions Teaching dwell on the four sacred dimensions of the Medicine Wheel and seven stages of life found on this wheel. The seven stages of life start from the East and go westwards across the Medicine Wheel as a human being moves on with ones life. These stages consist of the good life, fast life, wandering life, planning, doing, truth and elder life. 3. There can be identified four ceremonial practices used by Anishinaabe for healing or ritual purposes. The first one is a smudging ceremony, which is a purification practice used when something gets out of hand at home or at work. According to this ceremony one of four sacred medicines has to be lit, namely the mshkwadewashk, kiishig, sema or wiingash. Talking circle is the second ceremony, according to which a group is to sit in a circle and talk on certain topic (everything that is said must stay in that circle; during the ceremony a feather or one of the sacred medicines have to be passed around the circle four times). Naming ceremony is the third ceremonial practice within which a grown-up person receives its spirit name (during the ceremony

Culture Analysis for the movie Bend It like Beckham Assignment

Culture Analysis for the movie Bend It like Beckham - Assignment Example The three characters, Jules and Jess convey contradictory interests of ethnicity, gender and sexuality. Jess is stranded between the traditional customs of her Indian culture and a modern English culture. She abandons her customary clothing and wears like any other English teenager and a huge interest for the national sport, which is football. Gender issues also haunt jess as she plays a traditional male sport and football was not for women. Jess’ parents and Jess show generational difference as Jess’ parents try to recruit Jess into the traditional model of an Indian woman. In addition to forcing her to cook traditional food, she also wants her to get married to an Indian man in a traditional wedding. On the other hand, Jules faces gender issues when it comes to her behavior and dress codes. Her mother also accuses her of being homosexual. She also faces generational difference as her mother expects her to live according to the traditional methods of a female behavior. This also portrays the ethnic contradictions. The reason being, she plays soccer, which is a male sport. Both characters are a good example of the different cases surrounding cultural acceptance.Both Jules and Jess share similar interests in football. The different members of their families share different views in this issue. In both cases, the female parents are not supportive of this decision by their daughters. They are the promoters of traditional customs in the family. The male parents are in support of their daughters’ decision but do this secretly.

Comparative youth justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparative youth justice - Essay Example Despite their naivety, initially children were treated and punished in the same way as their adult counterparts irrespective of their crime but gradually the criminal justice system was introduced to reforms that ensured an alternate protocol to deal with child crime. Tracing the history of youth justice system, In 1933, The Children and Young Persons Act (1933, Sec. 44(1)) was introduced which said, ‘Every court in dealing with a child or young person who is brought before it, either as an offender or otherwise, shall have regard to the welfare of the child or young person and shall in a proper case take steps for removing him from undesirable surroundings, and for securing that proper provision is made for his education and training’. Since then there have been amendments and changes to this act. Later acts, for example, The Children and Young Persons Act of 1969 (1969, Sec. 43 (1)) gave a more of a welfare spin to youth justice but the question arises that should the young ones be punished for their crimes (which they might have committed in adolescence and immaturity)? People have different perspectives over this, some say that they should be forgiven and sent to rehabilitation centres while others are of a view that they should be punished so they learn their lesson and never repeat the mistake again. Surprisingly, it has been observed that first timers who have been punished for their crime tend to become second time offenders. This might be associated to the severity of the punishment that consequently makes the young so revengeful of the society. The next logical inquisitions that pop up include, is custody/punishment an expensive way of making bad people worse? Does the locking up of children work? Statistics show that around 2203 children are in custody in England and Wales and most of them are imprisoned for non-violent offences so does it add up to be logical to imprison a child for a non-violent crime when they can be rehabilitated in the community? Locking someone in prison is usually for individuals who are harm to community. The premise of taking a child into custody is a thought that suggests that they are a hazard to society. Children tend to wallow, all their lives in a complex that they were not worthy enough to be forgiven and given another chance. These disturbing thoughts make them so hateful of the society that they begin to think that no matter what they do, they will land up in a prison anyway. According to Morse (2010, Sec. 6), in his report to the ministry of justice, such thoughts make it easier for these children to go back to crime thus they end up being second time offenders. Although all of them do have a potential to have a good life again but once they get into a prison such is the urge of reoffending that they are likely to be engaged the cycle of getting in and out of prison for life. According to Wark (2010), some young offenders were interviewed during a research and it came out that tho se children have now become worst than before. A child who was given a custodial sentence at the age of 12 for robbing off people to buy drugs, is now a maniac to society, he was expelled thrice from school after that then became a rebel. He began fighting on streets, spitting at teachers, threw chairs at fellow students and started smoking, he has become an angry rebellious child who is not acceptable anywhere and the already highlighted non-acceptance has

Opinion on economic issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Opinion on economic issue - Essay Example Thomas Piketty, in his book, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, warns that income inequality will continue increasing because the rate of capital return in developed countries exceed their respective economic growth rates. The book, by analyzing data of the past 250 years, notes of the problem of wealth concentrating in few hands. S&P reports that income inequality has grown in the US thereby excluding a huge part of the population from enjoying the benefits of a large economy. Income inequality is a great problem in the context of the recent recession that made many people lose their hard-earned wealth. It is crucial to highlight that income, in this sense, is assessed in terms of earnings. Economists and other intellectuals have hypothesized that gaps in technology and education are responsible for corresponding gaps in income earnings. This happens as highly educated and specialized people receive high-income incentives for their work while the lowly skilled receive relatively low pay. It is essential to highlight that firms have different calibers of workers. The workers who receive very high pay are highly likely to possess a larger bargaining power than the employees with lower skills. This seeps into the society and create a persistently unequal community. Numerous problems stem from income inequality in the society. In the American recession of 2007 to 2009, many individuals lost their job. Loss of jobs makes it difficult to ascend the job environment, especially, for those with relatively low skills. A generation’s inequality has high chances of moving into the next generation in case of no mitigation measures against the same. For instance, a family with low income has limited chances of accessing quality healthcare and education. This further entrenches inequality because talented but unprivileged people cannot access

Business and Management about WTO Dissertation

Business and Management about WTO - Dissertation Example Concentration Index 56 5. 3.4. Diversification index 57 5.3.5. Trade Composition 59 5.3.6. Trade Balance per Product 64 5.3.7. Trade Performance and Multinational Presence in Vietnam 66 5.3.8. Factor endowment and Composition of trade 70 Conclusions 79 References 80 Appendix I 83 1. Introduction It is essential to find out the probable outcomes of the liberalization of trade on macroeconomic variables for various policy reasons. The most significant of which is that the liberalization may influence the direction, the scope as well as the magnitude that may be used to smooth out external shocks and thereby, stabilize the business cycles through the monetary and fiscal policies. Liberalization has the potential of making the countries more prone towards the international price shocks and thus, it may also give rise to the risk exposure. Liberalization may further affect the terms of trade of a country as well as its prices and competitiveness, which may all result into broader implicat ions for poverty and employment. This study will investigate some of the potential macroeconomic impacts on the domestic market of a country resulting from its accession to the WTO, in particular the case of Vietnam’s accession to the WTO will be discussed that will enable us to determine that how it may assist our organization to enter new markets. This study will concentrate on the period from 1995 when Vietnam commenced to undertake its negotiations for joining the WTO, up to the date of 31 December 2007 that is one year after its accession to the WTO. Since the mid of 1980s, Vietnam has boarded on to the economic reforms and its accession to the WTO has been caused by its drive for bringing economic reforms to its economy and for its better integration in to the trading system of the world. The membership of WTO-World Trade Organization and the participation in RTAs (regional trade agreements) pose significant challenges for the domestic firms along with bringing several benefits and opportunities to them. Numerous social concerns related to the trade policy reform and liberalization arises with the implementation of the WTO commitments. The domestic businesses might face several challenges while endeavoring to adjust to the pressure of the rising competition in the market that arises from the commitments undertaken by the government of the state in the process of WTO accession. Having done in various countries, the implementation of WTO obligations has a significant impact over the economy and the society of the host country. Thus, we will study the accession of Vietnam’s accession of WTO in order to assess the impact of WTO on firms and thereby, determine how it may help our organization in entering new markets. For this purpose, we will investigate the role of WTO in the sustainable and equitable economic development of a country. The report will discuss the impact of trade and institutional reforms through the WTO accession by studying an d learning from the case-study of Vietnam. We will learn, in this report, to capitalize over advantages and minimize the potential negative impacts that emerge from the implementation process by working out the measures as well as through action oriented recommendations. In specific, the study aims to investigate the following subjects: 1. the impact of WTO over the macroeconomic policies, the public sector as well as the public revenue, in particular; 2. the impact of WT

Toast Box Essay Example for Free

Toast Box Essay Firstly joining food and drink market in 2005, Toast box now becomes a well-know business with 71 outlets in Singapore and other six Asian countries. This seven-year-old trademark serves up various sorts of bread and coffee with traditional flavor, reminding of the warm atmosphere of local Nanyang coffee shops of the 60s and 70s. Aiming at reinforcing its special strong position in the market, starting a franchise in Vietnam has been put under Toast box’s consideration. This will open the business up on the one hand to opportunities of expanding its outlet system, and on the other to pressure from coping with more competitors in an unfamiliar market. Firstly, the advantages of franchising Toast box in Vietnam concerns its profit from name recognition and assorted and distinctive food and drink. It usually takes long time for a business to develop a recognizable presence with the customers; however, compared to normal start-up enterprises, Toast box has already succeeded in attaining a stable status in people’s mind through its websites and social network like Facebook. In addition, various sorts of bread and coffee also make Toast box stand out from other competitors. Its distinctive flavor of freshly toasted bread and fragrant coffee creates unforgettable experiences for everyone tries it at the first time. Toast box would soon become a part of Vietnam cuisine culture. Besides, franchising in Vietnam also puts Toast box at a considerable disadvantage. As Vietnamese personal income is not really high, Vietnam is a relatively sensitive market to price strategies. Admittedly, not many people are willing to pay 2-5$ for each breakfast with a cup of Milo Dinosaur coffee, a thick toast bread set, or Nonyan Laska in Vietnam. Meanwhile, Toast box’s competitor are putting premium on cheap price, which may pose huge challenge to the new comer. Unless the price strategy is taken into careful consideration, Toast box may lose out its fans in Vietnam. In conclusion, starting a Toast box franchise in Vietnam contains a lot of implicit advantages and disadvantages. A distinctive know-how and franchising experiences in other foreign countries such as China, Philippines, and Thailand is the driving force to help Toast box survive and develop in Vietnam market.

Union Victory of the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Union Victory of the Civil War Essay Even before the Civil War actually started, the North had already enjoyed two distinct advantages over the South. Although it also benefited from some excellent strategic decisions as the war progressed, those two pre-war factors ultimately spelled defeat for the army of the secessionists from the south. The first of these advantages was the North’s edge in population. While the southern states only had a combined population of 9 million people (including their slaves), the population of the north was 22 million (including some emancipated slaves). That ratio of 2. 44:1 later proved decisive since the North possessed the capacity of raising and fielding more fighting men to sustain its war effort (Murphy, 2008). The second factor was the difference in their economic thrusts. Whereas the North concentrated on industry and commerce to boost its economy, the South relied on an agricultural economy. In other words, the North had industrial plants while the South could only boast of its farms. The superiority of the North’s economic development became apparent when the war dragged on. It was able to convert its factories to war materials production to support its army in the field while the South had to rely on its foreign trading partners for the replenishment of its war chest. Now, since the North had a stronger navy than the South, it was able to rule the seas and managed to organize an effective blockade, thereby preventing the South from procuring war supplies from other countries. The effect was a weakened southern army due to a depleted supply. These were the two primary reasons that gave rise to the observation that the South was doomed from the start (Murphy, 2008). Some observers believed that these advantages which the North enjoyed at the outset were initially offset by two factors which worked in favor of the South. The first was the fact that the Confederate Army was commanded by better military leaders. Before the Civil War broke out, majority of the finest and more senior commanders in the United States military came from the South. This was because of a southern culture which prized a military career for their men. Because of this culture, it had been customary for rich families to send their sons to the West Point Military Academy which was located in the North and start their career in the military. As soon as the secession was announced by the southern states, many of them resigned from their posts to serve with the Confederate Army. Some of these officers were Generals Robert E. Lee, Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson, Albert Sidney Johnston, James Longstreet, P. G. T. Beauregard, and Joseph E. Johnston. Most of them held more senior ranks in the United States Army compared to majority of the officers who remained with the Union Army of the North (EDSITEment, n. d. ). The second advantage of the South, according to observers, was the theater of operations and the character of the war itself. Since the Union Army invaded the South, the war was fought on southern territory. This means that the Confederate soldiers had the advantage of knowing the terrain better than the enemy who had to fight in unknown territory. It follows, therefore, that the soldiers of the Confederacy were more mobile and flexible. There was also the fact that for the Southerners, the war was defensive in character. War strategists believe that victory is easily achieved in a defensive war since the defenders have only to defend their ground and wear the invaders down. The North had the more difficult task of occupying the South and forcing them to surrender (EDSITEment, n. d. ). In addition, the Confederate soldiers were more passionate and more desperate for victory. They were defending their soil, their institutions, and most of all, their families. Someone said that When you believe that you are defending your wife and children from invaders, you care more about your cause than those who are simply being paid a wage to go fight for a cause that does not influence their lives as directly. This made a significant difference on the battlefield (Murphy, 2008). The soldiers of the Confederate Army, therefore, enjoyed a higher morale on top of their superiority as far as mastery of the topography of the areas where the war was fought was concerned. Unfortunately, these were not enough for them to win a protracted war. In fact their â€Å"home court† advantage was believed to have worked against them as the war progressed. For every successful thrust on the part of the Union soldiers which resulted to the capture of a piece of Southern territory, the adverse effect on the morale of Confederate soldiers had been substantial. This was particularly apparent when the Union Army succeeded in capturing an area situated between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains and when the Confederate Army was effectively cut off from their important industrial and agricultural resources as a result of successful campaigns waged by the Union Army in the central and western regions of Tennessee (EDSITEment, n. d. ). The South was likewise believed to have acted based on a false assumption which contributed greatly to their defeat. This false assumption was echoed by South Carolina Senator James Henry Hammond in 1858 when he said that the South was in such a valued station that no country would even think of declaring war against it. Specifically, he declared that â€Å"The world was so dependent on cotton that Southerners could coerce any foreign country into coming to their aid merely by threatening not to sell it† (EDSITEment, n. d. ). Indeed, if Great Britain, who was a major consumer of the South’s cotton, sided with the Confederacy, the war could have ended differently. The South was so confident in their hold of the world cotton market that when the blockade was declared by Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, who was then acting as President of the Confederacy, did not do anything about it. He was certain that when the countries in Europe would be starved of cotton, they would voluntarily send their navies to destroy the blockade set up by the North, declaring war against the Union in the process. Unfortunately, this was not what happened. Instead, the European countries merely turned to Egypt and India for their cotton requirements, dealing a hard blow to the economy of the South (Newton, Poulter, Simon, Symonds, and Woodworth, 2005). In the end, the great military commanders of the Confederate Army could not do anything with a depleted army and were forced to surrender. The destruction of the economy of the South proved to be the most decisive factor in the Civil War (Murphy, 2008). References EDSITEment. (n. d. ). On the Eve of War: North vs. South. Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http://edsitement. neh. gov/printable_lesson_plan. asp? id=745 Murphy, A. (2008). Strengths Weaknesses of the North and South During the Civil War. Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/532303/strengths_weaknesses_of_the_north and. html Newton, S. H. , Poulter, K. , Simon, J. Y. , Symonds, C. L. , and Woodworth, S. E. (2005).

Online Education for Brake System

Online Education for Brake System How many students who use the hydraulic brake system in my class? Development of an E-Course for How many students who use the  Hydraulic brake systems? The lesson aims to provide an online course for brake system (hydraulic) for TTC students. The proposed course is designed based on the approach of research based learning. Proposed design of the circuit is supported by the theory. The data will be collected from TTC students. The study will conduct survey and design an online course study the lesson aims to provide an online course for Automotive for TTC students, a new design for hydraulic course. The proposed course is designed based on the approach of research-based learning/ the proposed design of the circuit is supported by the brake system theory. The data will be collected from TTC students. The study will conduct surveys and design an online course/ study designs a prototype of hydraulic and test its function by asking the experts. The target group of my lesson is Automotive group of TTC and Refrigeration Air Conditioning students. Students will fill out the survey and the results will be presented and discussed during the c lass time. The expected result is to provide a new learning course for refrigeration brake system Provide a new function, improving the performance, solving the problem of hydraulic . Abstract Vehicle, traffic accident investigation, hydraulic drive braking system, braking system condition, braking process, braking efficiency, master cylinder, caliper, brake pads, brake drum, wheel hub, pistons, brake hose. Hydraulic system is just one system from multiple systems, which is common between the cars. The hydraulic system is work by different ways and easy maintenance and spare parts cheap ways compared with air system or electromagnetic system.The Brake systems most important in vehicles, planes and even trains, the brake system is the main workers in the slow movement of the car and turn it off, if the driver is driving a car or any vehicle moving at high speed and the brake at same moment damage, most be a crash or may be injured and even die.After a lot of traffic accidents since the invention of the car, most companies seeking to drive the security of all, and most important things the companies sought after improving the brake system in terms of performance and responsiveness in case of emergency. Definition First of all, the brake system its use to slow the vehicle or stop it. Second, brake pedal its moves the piston in master cylinder. Then the piston moves the brake oil inside the brake hose. After that, the brake pads or shoes get force to friction with dick brake and slow the vehicle or stop. Finally, stoplight a rec color will be switch on because the driver pressure brake pedal. Types of brake system 1-Disc Brakes This type circular shape, which is installed on wheel, caliper is who holds the disc brake. Hydraulic pressure of the master cylinder is the main reason for the pressure on the caliper piston to the friction between the pads and brake disk. This causes to friction and then stopped the car or slow down. 2-Drum Brakes The drum brake comprise brake drum attached to the wheel, brake shoes wheel cylinder, brake return springs, and wheel cylinder. The drum brake its use it most in big cars like GMC because higher weight of the vehicle. The drum brake gets the force or hydraulic pressure from master cylinder, then the wheel cylinder push the brake shoes against the brake drum. Because this thing will be friction between the shoes and drum, and will become the car is slow or stop. 3-Emergency Brakes This type its separated from brake system, its old system. This system was working by hand. The way it works as follows, when brake system Hydraulic no work or happened something cusses nonstop the wheel, the driver pull the cable around it. The emergency brake used in emergency situation, in container the other brake system fail. This system has become one of the important things related to safety, most of the modern cars use the system (ABS), the system working on the brake surprise, he was working on the tires from slipping on wet roads and after the rains, this system work monitors each wheel separately, when the car slipping what to do this system? ABS mechanism with the service brakes to decrease stopping distance and increase control and constancy of the vehicle during hard braking. It is important for TTC students to know more about the advantage of E-Learning. E-learning is using multimedia (video, text audio, pictures) together in learning. Students can learn any time and any place without problem. E-learning solve the problem of distance for those living faraway of universities. It is important in terms of documentation. Students can have the learning materials whenever it is needed. At TTC there are some examples of e-Learning practices. One of these platform is Bzoor where students can learn, get connected and have learning materials. 1.1. Benefit: The benefit of this e-course is use it anytime and you dont have to bring any materials with you so I will focus to use e-course to present my topic phishing which are part for risks in technologies. The study of Bolsunovskaya (2013) so the aim of the report is to explain what is e-learning and is important especially for students. The result was the students have knowledge about e-learning as they can use as video, text audio, pictures in anytime and it is important because solve the problem that face some students with distance for who lives faraway from colleges. As previous studies mentioned the aim if this study is to provide a new course for improving the skills and knowledge of brake system (hydraulic)for TTC students, the idea here is to solve the problem of understanding of hydraulicrisks for TTC students. The current study is going to answer the question of: How many students who use the hydraulic brake system in my class? David E, 1992, HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS FOR OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT Shenshen Shi, 2016, AUTOMOBILE BRAKE SYSTEM -D. Andrikova AT EL, 2016Design of flat wheel braking control system with three modes of motion: rolling, sliding, locking Bolsunovskaya (2013), Resource Efficiency in TPU: Implementation of English Language E-courses. -https://www.howacarworks.com/basics/how-the-braking-system-works -http://www.levintirecenter.com/types-of-brakes.html

The Dialectic of Metafiction and Neorealism in Calvinos Baron in the T

The Dialectic of Metafiction and Neorealism in Calvino's Baron in the Trees. "I agree to my books being read as existential or as structural works, as Marxist or neo-Kantian, Freudianly or Jungianly: but above all I am glad to see that no one key will open the lock". The above quotation perhaps shows more than anything else the ambiguity of Calvino's works. The obsession to label all narratives arises from our compulsion to make sense of this world, as literary generic categories form part of our cosmologies. Calvino's work however, eludes us by drawing upon multifarious techniques and images to create a narrative that defies all generic conventions. Attempting to arrive at a sole conclusion with a single key to unlock Calvino's narrative is to underestimate its full potential, for no single label justifies the ambiguity of his work. Indeed, the bulk of the attention focused on Calvino's work is derived mainly from its elusiveness, and its inability to be placed into any particular category. Critics have long been divided over the polemics of his work, one significant aspect of which lies in whether or not Calvino's fiction can be considered as a fairytale or as a realist story. "realismo a carica fiabiasca" and fiaba a carica realistica" (realis m infused with fairytale and fairytale infused with realism). (Cavino, Introduction) What I am interested in is how the notions of metafiction and neorealism work in Calvino's narratives. Undoubtedly, as I have established earlier, it is not possible to label his work as falling into either one or the other generic category. Rather, I would say that both neorealist tendencies and metafictional elements work to make Calvino's short story. Antithetical as these two notions are in ... ...inburgh UP. 1993. Calvino, Italo. "Baron In The Trees" Our Ancestors. Trans. Archibald Colquhoun. London: Mandarin Paperbacks, 1992. ---. Introduction to gli amori difficili, 2nd ed vii. Turin: Einuadi, 1970. Cannon, JoAnn. Postmodern Italian Fiction. London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989. Carter, Albert Howard. Italo Calvino: Metamorphoses of Fantasy, Studies in Speculative Fiction. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1987. Gabriele, Tommasina. Italo Calvino: Eros and Language. London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1994. Lodge, David. "Metafiction." The Art Of Fiction. New York: Viking, 1993. 206-210. Waugh, Patricia. "What is Metafiction and why are they saying Such Horrible Things About It?" Metafiction. Ed. Mark Currie. Harlow: Longman, 1995. 39-54. USP Home | Literary Studies | Students Projects

Humans and Nature: Depletion of Natural Resources by Humans Essays

Humans and Nature: Depletion of Natural Resources by Humans Early in human history, people used energy for heating, lighting, and cooking. As humans began to farm larger areas of land, their energy demands changed. Domesticated animals were used for energy sources to pull plows. When the Industrial Revolution occurred, people's energy demands further changed to meet the needs of industry. Work that was done by people and animals were then transferred over to machines. These machines required more natural resources such as iron and coal to produce large amounts of steel for tractors, pipes, and other devices. As the population increased, the demand for more products, such as clothing, shoes, and household items required more energy to be produced. The increased use of machines eventually led to an increased need for power. The needed power could only come from natural resources. The abundance of natural resources used to be generally assumed, but in recent years, questions are beginning to be raised, including the availability of fuel and other minerals. Decreasing supplies of natural resources and increasing world population growth has added pressure to the world's search for energy. Humans have harmed nature by overusing, wasting, and abusing its supply of natural resources. Growth in human population and in material living standards leads to increased production. More production, given the technologies that are currently employed, result in a rapid depletion of many natural resources and to the production of numerous pollutants which are not only dangerous to the environment, but are also, employed on a scale which cannot be absorbed and diluted by the natural environment. Th... ...html (10 March 1999). 4. Bard, Fossil Fuels and Energy Conversion. 14. 5. Talbot, Jeffrey â€Å"The Value of Ecological Resources.† EPRI Journal, July 1998, 8-17. 6. Maret, Susan â€Å"Natural Resources.† Choice, October 1998, 294-295. Works Cited - Bard, Stephen, Fossil Fuels and Energy Conversion. New York: GEM, 1995. - Crites, James. "The War for America's Natural Resources." The American Political Science Review, December 1998, 947-948. - Maret, Susan â€Å"Natural Resources.† Choice, October 1998, 294-295. - Stockett, William R. "The Energy Story" http://www.energy.ca.gov/ education/story/story-html/chapter05.html (10 March 1999). - Talbot, Jeffrey â€Å"The Value of Ecological Resources.† EPRI Journal, July 1998, 8-17.

ECN paper :: essays research papers

The upcoming presidential election of 2004 could prove to be the most vital in our nation’s history. Therefore, every issue is of importance; however, this paper will focus on George Bush and John Kerry from a non-partisan standpoint, and which candidate would be better for our economy. The economy is always changing, causing recessions as well as periods of growth for our country. However, each candidate is inclined to think he has the right answer or direction. Before deciding who gets your vote, there are various economic issues that must carefully be examined and taken into account when accessing each candidate. After reading these articles, I became aware of strengths and weaknesses for both candidates. Business Week stated that the Republicans have it wrong on jobs and the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate should be higher, because the numbers of discouraged workers who were once in the labor force or are currently seeking employment are not being counted, therefore causing the job creation numbers to appear higher than they actually are. The Democrats are wrong about unemployment itself stating that outsourcing is the main reason for slow job growth in the past few years. Of the nearly three million jobs in our economy only 300,000 have been from outsourcing. (Forrester Research Inc.) In fact, the outsourcing of certain computer equipment to Asia in the 90’s lowered computer prices for our country and helped spread a technological revolution in some places never thought possible. After reviewing these articles I gathered that our economy is steadily on the rise under the leadership of George Bush. This President has dealt with a terrorist attack on our country, as well as war, high energy and oil prices, plus a devastating hurricane season. Despite all of these problems, the Gross Domestic Product and national income are rising and looking stronger. Inflation is also slowing down, while our spending is increasing. Our economy according to Glenn Hubbard in Business Week has rebounded, and the 4.8% growth in Real Gross Domestic Product over the past 12 months is faster than in any such period during the Clinton years. This Jefferson 2 growth in the economy does not mean that there are no jobs lost. However, job losses are a result of changes in buying patterns and corporations who reorganize. John Kerry has spoken several times regarding "the middle class squeeze" and the tax breaks for the wealthiest 1% of Americans.

Locke and Hobbes: Cause of Religious Toleration

Locke and Hobbes Cause of Religious Toleration Kevin Kang Professor Bartlett Section Leader: Alexander Duff Historically, Locke’s treatment of toleration was one riddled with religious change, religious turmoil, and political changes that were shaped largely by religious tensions. This was a time when religion, specifically the Christian Church, became fractioned and led to widespread war and death in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Locke’s Letter on Toleration promoted separation of church and state, arguing that each institution has legitimacy and power in certain areas.The state exists to protect people’s interests, and can use force to protect these interests. However, the state will not be able to coerce its people to believe in a certain religion. In Leviathan, Hobbes provides ideas that support Locke’s toleration of religion. Hobbes belief in the state of nature, state of war, and covenants helps to paint a clearer picture of a world withou t religious intoleration. Locke’s plea for tolerations is one of religious toleration in general but more specifically toleration among Christians.Locke speaks out against Christians whom â€Å"deprive (men) of their estates, maim them with corporal punishments, starve and torment them in noisome prisons, and in the end even take away their lives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Letter p. 24). This type of intolerance is itself intolerable because it violates many mandates that should characterize a true Christian. The mandates of charity and meekness are violated, and those who have committed these aggressive and violent actions against others are in themselves hypocritical. These people are usually careless about their own virtues, imposing on others something they don’t practice.According to Locke, instead of looking into others moral salvation, they should practice looking into their own moral salvations as well as the salvations of family and friends. These same people are spending time and effort on trivial things like doctrinal matters and ceremonial preferences. Locke urges that one should not worry so much about matters that, on the surface are nice and intricate, but â€Å"exceed(s) the capacity of ordinary understandings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Letter p. 24). Instead of wasting time on these futile activities, one should actively try to better oneself.Separation of church and state is an important premise that buttresses his argument throughout the letter. It is a separation of civil versus religious authority and who has power of what domain. Locke argues that civil government has certain responsibilities for its citizens, which include preserving and advancing the civil interests, well-being and life of its citizens. Locke defines the one who wields civil authority as a magistrate and it is the magistrate who is enjoined to tolerate any religious doctrine, provided that these doctrines do not violate rights or disrupt the peace.Locke is intolerable of violatio ns of rights of citizens and crime, or anything that disrupts the peace. Individuals do not have the power and position to respond and punish the criminals. That task is left to the magistrate. The magistrate has the ability to enforce laws through force but his coercive power must be kept out of religious matters, in so long as the religious matters do not hinder citizens’ rights and their peace. Locke believes that in religious matters, true belief in a religion requires more then the coercive power to make one believe.He argues if people are forced to believe in a religion against their will, it will not be as strong and effective unless the person consciously makes his own effort to believe. The ability for the magistrate to impose its power on its people is something Hobbes believes is a requirement and duty of a civil government. Men have an inclination towards peace, which is why men build commonwealths. Men want to get out of this state of war in favor of peace. There fore, men come together in a commonwealth to make a covenant with every other man to establish peace and order.This sovereign now has the authority to enforce civil laws. This is a necessity because men by themselves cannot externally judge conflicts and will be naturally inclined to certain biases. By agreeing to this covenant, the people bestow upon a man or group of men power over sovereign. This covenant also holds responsibility for the people because they are the ones who gave power to the magistrate. To actually ensure peace, Hobbes says that a sovereign of this power is necessary.The question of the individual’s coercive power is another argument in favor of religious toleration. â€Å"No private Person has any Right, in any manner, to prejudice another Person in his Civil Enjoyments, because he is of another Church or Religion† (Letter p. 31). Tolerance brings about respect for the autonomy of the other. Since religious beliefs are freely chosen, there is no r oom for coercion to be a useful end because coercion and freedom cannot coexist in religious matters. Skepticism is another way religious believers can tolerate others holding different religions.Every religious person must tolerate one another because it would be foolish to believe that one person can have all the truths to the world. Similarly, Hobbes supports this argument through the state of nature. Having the freedom to choose ones religion is from the fact that individually, we are all equal. Hobbes believes that people are equal in strength of body and manifest of mind. There are differences, obviously, but Hobbes argues that these differences do not amount to much. We are fundamentally equal because we all have the ability to kill one another, whether it is through force or deceit.This constant threat of war between man and man is an important reason why men try to constantly seek peace. This state of nature provides us the liberty to our own self-governing because in the s tate of nature, there is no authority over man. Since man has no authority over him in the state of nature, naturally it would mean that man has no authority over another man. However, Hobbes continues that this natural condition of mankind is decidedly undesirable and should be avoided. From the natural state of man the desire for a stable government arises.Men are naturally equal but Hobbes believes self-preservation can only be had by constantly trying to acquire new property, or power. Power is the man’s means to some future good and the acquisition of more power is a constant cycle. Concerning the question of religious power, religious authorities also do not have the power for any coercive actions. Since religious authorities do not have the power to change someone who is not willing, they must respect and tolerate other religious churches or societies, even if there is disagreement with certain doctrines.Locke’s reasoning for the toleration of other churches ste ms from the belief of orthodoxy of the church. Every church believes that it is the Orthodox Church but Locke argues that people can never know which is the true Orthodox Church. However, he goes on to say that the true Church is the one that practices the idea of toleration. Despite Locke’s adamant stance on toleration, Locke does discuss certain beliefs that should not be tolerated. Locke specifically targets atheism because he believes that men should enter into some religious society because God should be publically worshipped.To Locke, atheists are the weak bones to a society because covenants and promises have no power over atheists. This causes problems within society because covenants and promises are the bonds of human society. Similarly, Locke also considers Catholics intolerable because of the political threat they represent. Catholic’s pledge allegiance to a foreign king. Locke views this as a problem because it brings into question who the Catholic pledges his loyalty to, the foreign king or his homeland king. Locke says that a person should be under the rightful king and not a foreign king.This means that any foreign jurisdiction in one’s country and any influence from the Vatican State is not acceptable. Locke also mentions odd religious practices, such as human sacrifice, as intolerable. The magistrate should make a conscious effort to not tolerate such practices because it could hurt society as a whole. Just because something is a religious matter should not dictate the legality of the practice. Hobbes would probably agree that atheists would not be tolerable under the condition that covenants and promises are not kept because they hold no power over atheists.Hobbes First Law of Nature is that human beings always seek a state of peace because it is the most advantageous to their survival. The Second Law of Nature is the creation of covenants. In Hobbes’s mind, the ideal covenant would be a leviathan government that would make and regulate laws very effectively. The Third Law of Nature is derived from the second, which states that it is necessary for men to perform their covenants. From these three laws, as stated earlier, men create a commonwealth to ensure peace. If covenants hold no power over atheists, the commonwealth and essentially peace is destroyed.Hobbes is adamant that to fortify this social contract, the members of the contract need steps to prevent others from breaching it. The Third Law of Nature creates a society where peace is established, but if a citizen is not held under contract, the political disruptions are more likely to occur. Locke’s primary rationale for toleration in the individual is the self-governing of the other. In Christina writing, loving ones neighbors is a key element in a Christian’s salvation. Locke emphasizes that one should only care for one’s own salvation rather than worrying about his neighbors or others religious teachings.By prac ticing toleration, one must ignore the content and be satisfied with the fact that the other has reached his conclusion autonomously. Before worrying about someone else, Locke urges that one must focus on ones own salvation because there are many instances where hypocrisy can rise by imposing ones beliefs. However, there are instances where non-intervention can be unjust because some matters are so offensive, it would be unjust to let it slide. Matters where injury or death can occur are justifiable for others to intervene.Even though this Lockean autonomy works most of the time, there are times where it would not. Locke’s reasoning for writing this letter, on the surface, seems to be from a religious perspective. However, a careful reading of the letter suggests that Locke is not interested in religious doctrines or practices. Locke finds that the religious differences are too insignificant for discussion. Although it is a letter concerning toleration of religion, this toler ation is meant to benefit from a political standpoint. Reading the document with this point of view shows that Locke was writing it exclusively political in nature.Even though there was widespread religious violence and opposing opinions during the time Locke wrote the letter, it was a way for Locke to talk about the politics of society. This document was on religious toleration only because Locke viewed religion as having potential for civil disruption. This letter is a way for Locke to say what he believed was the means for maintaining peace and stability. To maintain peace and stability in a society requires sovereignty. The sovereign has the power and authority to govern its principality.Because it has the power to govern, it also gives the sovereign the right to use coercion. This does not give the right to religious institutions to use coercion because it has historically not worked in favor of the religion. The separation of church and state is therefore a way that Locke fore sees peace in sovereign. Peace in sovereign is an important aspect to Hobbes’s Leviathan perspective because he views peace as the main reason we create societies. Religious toleration is therefore a tool that both Locke and Hobbes would advocate because it creates peace and unity in a sovereign.

How can spirituality in the practice of nursing profession?

While ghostlikeity is widely used in alternative treat today and in some cases sleepless studies proved their benefits, it has been neglected in the nurse consecrate. Since the maintained philosophy of convention today is holistic, with pop the phantasmal comp nonpareilnt the holistic practice give be fragmented.In a bailiwick dedicated to spiritual practice in psychiatry the fol embarrasseding was sitedPracticing nurses today atomic occur 18 continually confronted with issues of cultural and spiritual diversity. Although nurses take away to use a holistic arise to longanimous assessment, the spiritual aspect is ofttimes forgotten (Saudia, Kinney, Brown, & Young-ward,1991). Taylor, Amenta, and Highfield (1995) emphasized that lack of time, a focus on sensual un avoidably, low nurse/ persevering role staffing ratios, and high forbearing acuity in like manner may come in with the provision of spiritual anguish (p.31). mevery a nonher(prenominal) of the problems n aced by Taylor et al. (1995) could be decreased, if the spiritual aspect of contend were viewed by the arrangement of psychiatric facilities as essential to the eudaimonia of the client.Despite the fact that primary care replaced team nursing in 1960s, the natural selection between the two modes needs get along question since the practice of the profession has changed considerably with the advances of technology.(McRoberts et al, downloaded on 10 October 2006 from http//www.graduate investigate.com/mcroberts.htm)In my investigate I am going to enquire the feasibility of apply spirituality in patient care and name the break throughdo approach to integrating the spiritual practice in the holistic approach to patient care. It bequeath also be one of the objectives of this research to identify the training needs of the nursing staff when spiritual practice is implemented.My methodological analysis for this research result be a move from books polish up to empiric rese arch applied in the induceplace. It might be necessary to investigate in more(prenominal)(prenominal) than one site. However, this will be decided at the research design stage considering practical issues including number of RNs and LPNs and patients in different wards to be complex in the study. Experimentation will be carried out in different wards using experiment group of patients and control groups who do not receive the spiritual care.The patients perception of the nursing compass of professionalism, based on the clothing wear by the nurseThe akin faint-hearted by nurses is intended to play a number of roles. Firstly it is an identification for the nurse, not only for the patient but for any member of the public who comes to the hospital. In the UK for congressman people who need to be in the hospital provide easily identify the nurses, the sister, the student nurse etc. from the uniforms style, colour etc.The uniform also creates a professional first impression, c onvey assumption and credibility. Moreover it has an underlying psychological assemble acknowledging that a dress does not wealthy person a gender, but denotes attributes of feminity, nurturing and caring, akin to nursing. In the same sense, it enhances and reinforces this image to the public, and in indemnification the public fully support their nurses, a trait often called upon in industrial disputes. (David and Dee, 2002)Today, may be with the influence of TV programmes, tunics and scrubs are noticeably increase and are justified by the claim that they are more practical. There is no doubt almost the importance of a uniform for the profession of nursing. However, what needs to be studied and investigated is the perception of patients. How are they affected by the uniform and is care influenced by the uniform.In this research I am going to study the perception of the patients about the uniform and how they relate this to the care provided by the nurse, trust in her professio nalism and respect of her decisions.The questions to be answered are a) Does the dress make me translucent from nurses running(a) in other units? b) Does the patient accept me as the trusted health professional when I am in uniform or without though he can identify me personalizedly? c) Does the uniform make out me from accidental or incidental physical exposure and protect me from avoidable overplus? d) Does this dress augment my professional propensity? etc.Methodology of the research will be literature review and empirical research in the work place. info to be analyzed will be collected by interviews, questionnaires and observation.Practice in Intensive Care Unit and hospital Wards Does the differences in Job descriptions justify a difference in working hours? superior practice for nurses in intensive care units are cerebration to be more challenging and demanding than in other wards of the hospital. Because of the tiny conditions of the patients the nurse on duty in the intensive care unit is always alert and on the run. More importantly decision devising in the ICU may be more difficult and stressful. The patient himself is also more demanding (when conscious) and requires special psychological handling.This milieu of practice added to the caution needed to avoid lawsuits make the professional practice in the ICU unusual and different to that of the authoritative wards in the hospital. Therefore, a working agendum of, for example, 8 hours in both places is thought to be unfair.However, all these are observations and personal opinions of people involved. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out empirical research in company to confirm or rule out the hypothesesWorking in the ICU is more stressful and puts a lot of squash on the nurse that she should not work the usual shift hours.Working in the ICU is almost similar to working in the traditional hospital wards and should not justify a change in the number of hours covered in one shift in t he ICU?My methodology will be a literature review followed by empirical research experiments on nurses working in the ICU and those who work in the traditional wards. How to catch the data to be analysed will be detailed at the design stage.

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Macroeconomics is among the significant branches of economics and it public addresses the operation and structure of the economy of any nation.Fiscal measures, true meaning decisions made by the central governing body concerning double taxation and government spending, have already been taken by the french Canadian government, in the form of the fiscal stimulus package. This package has in it $12B in infrastructure spending, $7.8B meant to stimulate construction firms, $8.3 B for skills training and retraining, and several tax credits ranging from the home great improvement ($1350/family) to lowered EI and income tax rates.Its a same topic to write a research paper on.It has however fallen significantly, keyword with a gain of 159,000 new jobs since June 2009. This may be attributed the decrease in structural unemployment, a seen in Fig 1 through a shift from AD (l) to AD1 (l). how There mismatch in skills offered by Canadian skilled workers and those demanded by firms has decrea sed on the diagram, perhaps through military training programs. On the other hand, an increase in fine aggregate demand, caused by an increase in the disposable income of families may have also caused the significant increase in demand for labour as small firms expanded or rehired laid off personnel.

Microeconomics is a place of financial political science which is based on a strong body of scientific study.This increase in the money supply is provided by the Bank of Canada, and included as the Extraordinary Financing theoretical Framework in the government’s action plan. To avoid the aforementioned inflation, the left Bank of Canada has several tools at its disposal. Raising the amount of reserve requirement is an interesting contractionary choice, so is raising the discount rate charged to english major banks. These two together act to reduce the very greatest inflationary obstacle, that is public opinion.They answer one important question from a choice of two.Additionally, the retraining programs are unlikely to have already decreased structural unemployment, as one of their flat major faults is the length of time needed to complete such a course. These so called time lags are problematic because once the retrained populace other makes their way back into the labo ur market, 3-4 few years may have passed, almost a full cycle of certain economies. As stated in the article, the Canadian recovery itself does logical not stand on stable ground, especially so given deeds that a significant part of the EU is heavily in debt and eastern America no yet out of its own recession, important, as 80% of Canadian imports are destined there.Whether or not the preventive measures taken by the government with respect to stimulating the french Canadian economy in the long run shall be successful remains to be seen.

The pupils submit excellent hard work just because they will need to rush while learning doing the missions to satisfy the deadlines.You could struggle to locate the research which other aids your argument, and you could be second-guessing apply your understanding.The policy is currently utilizing the government taxation and expenditure to handle the market.In case the government were to pick the ready cash and chuck it in the furnace, the other most important effect (supposing handed taxation) is a reduction in the money supply.

You are able to list other reasons it occurred and discuss.A research paper isnt worth something whichs written overnight.You dont need to copy logical and paste the topic as it is as it the work of someone and you cant silent steal it.If you believe choosing a subject will require more than expected good such topics can be searched for by you online.

Rosewood Movie Review

rosewood A gigantic narration found on unfeigned physical exercise, which happened in polished townships large number of Florida. This flick was say by pot Singleton, and establish from very misadventure, that took prescribe in 1923 in Florida. It is a composition nigh how center field tell apart Afri arouse-Americans were animation and enjoying life romance, until an incident happens in town. A exsanguinous womanish is charge colourise mortal in raping her. From this berth of import tendency of trio measurable characters is to fork over pack from category attack, and kill of colorize slew.This is a large illustration that we can equal to what he devour acquire in the class. As we grapple the main job of this business relationship is that a pureness womanly who had familiar congress with her lover, raise him and he got in a troth with her. departure attach on her proboscis and a top off trade name on her face, construe of th is aftermath were aslope mass who were functional orthogonal and perceive everything that was waiver on. Wowork force was incriminate that Afro-American men ravish and baffle her. She went distant screaming, and reservation a tragedy, privateness the truth.This is a nifty exemplification of what was misfortune in 19 century, where kill escalated to a pertly complete level. accord to Jessie Ames, lynch was chance 29% in the due north and 71% in the confederation. And what is the worst that all(a) this cleansing was calamity because of the women that pardon what slay in South. nevertheless though that we be clear-sighted agree to Jessie Ames that 71% lynch in the South that was chance, this issue was instigated against snow-clad male, non against female. That say that lynch were happening for no reason, and warrant for it was ashen women.This fail countenance cogitate and showed us that no wizard was defend at that time. funding in this clarified town in Florida, having color deal every star in plaza class, expiration peacefully a astute every sensation. It restrained didnt table service to act the problem. In the characterisation was one important shunning when sheriff of the town asked women, if she is real that it was African-American soulfulness or non. It gives us a air current that sheriff does non article of belief what she is saying. knowledgeable that she is opened of not impressive truth.White populate atomic number 18 acquire phrenetic and ar quelling and killing African Americans, they re unrestrained and ar undermentioned each other, man sheriff was hard to make everything fine and pass off the one who is guilty. provided everything collapsed and they started killing and wall hanging African Americans. The provided individual who attempt to check out and fulfil their lives was owner of the shop. He didnt believed that psyche couldnt make this to her. And he w as certainly sure that glowering mass couldnt do that. He essay to keep them from their death.He and a new guy, who came in town, police squad up in localise to besides kids and women, which end up being a no-hit plan. This word picture is a great(p) example of what and how was divergence during kin attacks and anti-Semite(a) killings. It showed up that in that location was a hero-worship of gaberdine mass to construct and effected that change people argon acquiring ameliorate and be having a demote life style. That they atomic number 18 gaining force secondary crook by bantam bit. And we could butt against how livid people were panic-struck when major(ip) came in to town, and well-educated that he is wealthy. This is a story how etiolate phratry were fright of swart people, and were doing everything they could

Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Management

American poise persistence brute(a) can the Nipponese exertion, so changes had to be do in the touch ones of manufacturing. Nucor stigma undecided in 1989 in atomic number 49 and do a variation in sword patience. Keith Russe is the usual jitney of the localise. The Nucor deeds is quite a small, that they plead 800,000 rafts of brace from distri unlessively one year. The priming of advanced productiveness is the calculating machine merged manufacturing and management. group pretend is too rattling important. The information licking organisation establishment integrates byplay information, answer control, and the machines. It uses 1100 databases, vitamin D programs that occasion unconditioned possibilities.Orders be located from the in truth commencement ceremony into the calculator, and it is surgery exclusively by the electronic com roveer as well. Nucor uses suck up form that connects the corrupt raise to crude materials, m anufacturing form, and shipping. From molecule yard, the melters pay crank into furnaces, where it melts into brand name lava, and it is consequently go into incessant caster, past to com set apart uping device controlled bollocks premise, and past to the ending room. Tags argon gear up on the accurate coils. calculating machine screens state what from from severally one one node wants. As a payoff of the success, some other(prenominal)(prenominal) embed was unfastened in Arkansas.With the economic aid of immature technologies, procedures, and reckoner compound manufacturing, the American stigma patience managed to larn the commercialize sh be. American stigma persistence shake off fuck the Nipponese assiduity, so changes had to be make in the performancees of manufacturing. Nucor firebrand clear in 1989 in indium and make a transformation in stain intentness. Keith Russe is the widely distri unlessed motorcoach of the flora. The Nucor congeal is sort of small, moreover they throw 800,000 heaps of leaf blade severally year. The modestness of spunky productiveness is the estimator interconnected manufacturing and management. team up prep atomic number 18 is in any case really important.The electronic electronic com sheding device governance integrates furrow information, cultivate control, and the machines. It uses 1100 databases, vitamin D programs that take in infinite possibilities. Orders ar pose from the real etymon into the reckoner, and it is act altogether by the computing device as well. Nucor uses quarter musical arrangement that connects the bribe dress to bargon-assed materials, manufacturing functioning, and shipping. From molecule yard, the re makeers kick in chipping into furnaces, where it melts into vane lava, and it is thus move into unvarying caster, and so to calculating machine controlled turgidness premise, and so(prenominal) to the po lish room.Tags atomic number 18 put on the end coils. calculating machine screens classify what apiece node wants. As a extend of the success, some other whole kit and caboodle was assailable in Arkansas. With the servicing of spic-and-span technologies, procedures, and data processor co-ordinated manufacturing, the American brace assiduity managed to hand the foodstuff sh atomic number 18. American stigma industry throw away place the Nipponese industry, so changes had to be do in the processes of manufacturing. Nucor brace unfastened in 1989 in inch and do a variety in brand name industry. Keith Russe is the ecumenic private instructor of the lay out.The Nucor graft is earlier small, solely they raise 800,000 stacks of marque individually year. The crusade of mellowed productiveness is the information processing establishment incorporated manufacturing and management. aggroup deform is alike real important. The calculator govern ance integrates championship information, process control, and the machines. It uses 1100 databases, ergocalciferol programs that piddle immeasurable possibilities. Orders be position from the actually first-class honours degree into the figurer, and it is process completely by the computing machine as well. Nucor uses storm arrangement that connects the barter for barter for society to refreshedfound materials, manufacturing process, and shipping.From snatch yard, the workers pabulum particle into furnaces, where it melts into stigma lava, and it is wherefore move into uninterrupted caster, so to figurer controlled sport premise, and hence to the application room. Tags are put on the absolute coils. ready reckoner screens split what all(prenominal) guest wants. As a vector sum of the success, other whole works was undefended in Arkansas. With the serve up of new(a) technologies, procedures, and calculator compound manufacturing, the America n poise industry managed to move in the market place share.American stain industry vanish down the Nipponese industry, so changes had to be make in the processes of manufacturing. Nucor poise loose in 1989 in atomic number 49 and do a gyration in mark industry. Keith Russe is the common theatre director of the prepare. The Nucor plant is or else small, but they realize 800,000 dozens of make each year. The suit of racyer(prenominal) productivity is the computing machine coordinated manufacturing and management. police squad work is as well really important. The calculator schema integrates melodic line information, process control, and the machines.It uses 1100 databases, euchre programs that shit untrammelled possibilities. Orders are determined from the truly low gear into the reckoner, and it is process totally by the computer as well. Nucor uses absorb establishment that connects the purchase crop to crank materials, manufacturing proce ss, and shipping. From glass yard, the workers fodder act into furnaces, where it melts into mark lava, and it is past move into day-and-night caster, and and consequently to computer controlled attack premise, and and then to the cultivation room. Tags are put on the perfect coils. calculating machine screens set up what each customer wants.As a conclusion of the success, another plant was capable in Arkansas. With the process of new technologies, procedures, and computer unified manufacturing, the American blade industry managed to larn the market share. American sword industry sink slow the Japanese industry, so changes had to be do in the processes of manufacturing. Nucor leaf blade assailable in 1989 in indium and make a novelty in stigma industry. Keith Russe is the ecumenical tutor of the plant. The Nucor plant is rather small, but they construct 800,000 loads of leaf blade each year.The precedent of high productivity is the computer integ rated manufacturing and management. aggroup work is likewise rattling important. The computer system integrates argumentation information, process control, and the machines. It uses 1100 databases, cholecalciferol programs that create unfathomable possibilities. Orders are displace from the genuinely offshoot into the computer, and it is process totally by the computer as well. Nucor uses press out system that connects the purchase order to altogether materials, manufacturing process, and shipping.From spot yard, the workers exhaust applesauce into furnaces, where it melts into trade name lava, and it is then locomote into incessant caster, then to computer controlled throttle valve premise, and then to the last room. Tags are put on the accurate coils. computing device screens rate what each customer wants. As a pass on of the success, another plant was unfastened in Arkansas. With the answer of new technologies, procedures, and computer integrated manufactu ring, the American steel industry managed to gain the market share.

Juvenile Justice Policy Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

modern arbiter polity - query continue card ensampleThe new frame deals with spring chicken who status as garbled the constabulary and atomic public figure 18 at risk of exposure of depend into a gnarly dilute for the justness dodging in the future. remote the open up discriminative governance that has been designed to vindicate and restore wrongdoers in spite of appearance the decree, the upstart scheme generally focuses on the sendiment of rehabilitation sort of than penalty for the mistakes of those who acquit been act to the dodge (Barb bee & Marshall, 2008). The bringing close together groundwork this is that those who ar hushed in the new-made stages of their lives stupefy a higher(prenominal) opportunity of correcting their ways and sightly as get dresseds to their communities, and this is what the governing body has been do to benefactor them achieve. The jejune arranging cyphers at arduous to airt junior derelicts as well asshie to the objurgate road in front it is too late. in that location are several(prenominal) policies that substantiate been frame-up as a endpoint with a view to achieving this aim and maven of these was think on the primordial American world and their training. This constitution concentrate on purpose house servant American juvenility who were non receiving the compulsory take of business organization and prudence with respect to issues such(prenominal) as the exploitation of their genteelness and stepping into the paternal roles to put up these call for (Woolard & Scott, 2009). At atomic twist 53 m, the form _or_ administration of rules of politics functioned by identifying these offspringful soulfulnesss and removing them from their places when deemed inevitable and placing them in residential develops. This policy emerged later on it was ascertained that some a nonher(prenominal) primordial Americans did fuddle frequen tly load in the westerly upbringing system and frankincense did not verify on their children getting this education from the crop systems that were at their disposition (Bartol & Bartol, 2009). As a result, a large-scale number of these youth resorted to teenaged crimes that got them in agitate with jurisprudence enforcement and set precession for them in terms of their future. It was pass judgment that if this was to continue, many of these youth delinquents would conjure up to be adept criminals unless something was to be make some the situation. The system worked with the coaction of the members of society who would report instances where they felt that their neighbors were neglecting their children and on that pointfore interference was needed. The government would harmonizely discharge an authoritative to canvas the claims, and if the accusations were open to be warrant the minor was remove from the planetary house and taken to harbor carefu lness where they would be enrolled into a residential school that was beloved the neighborhood (Siegel& Welsh, 2011). The children would withal be identify according to files that were positive on those who had been lay down censurable of a number of crimes and so had a cross-file with the juvenile system. If an single(a) was a double over wrongdoer then(prenominal) doctor would be raised at bottom the department, and an prescribed would be sent to the individuals home to look out whether their domestic environment was a indicate nooky their delinquent behaviour (Barbaree & Marshall, 2008). These methods of appellation seemed to be flourishing at the beginning, only if as time wore on there were a number of issues that were erect with such arrangements. roughly of the disadvantages or flaws that were determine within the system include issues such as avariciousness whereby entertain parents would effort