The Function Of Management Control - 1387 Words

 ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬_____________________________________ Assessment 2 Research Exercise BUS 106A Introduction of Business – A T3/14 (Control Issues) Prepared by: Nirendra Adhikari Student no. 11401185 Timing: Tutorial on Monday 9am – 11pm, LA-T1 Tutor: Katerina Pantzikas Due date- 19th Jan 2015 Table of Substance: ïÆ'Ëœ Introduction...................................................................................................Page 3 ïÆ'Ëœ Feedforward Control..................................................................................Page4 ïÆ'Ëœ Concurrent controls.....................................................................................Page4 ïÆ'Ëœ Feedback controls.........................................................................................Page5 ïÆ'Ëœ Financial Control..........................................................................................Page5 ïÆ'Ëœ Conclusion......................................................................................................Page 6 ïÆ'Ëœ References......................................................................................................Page 6 Introduction: The function of management control refers to all processes which will keep manager up to date about the organisation’s operation. That will help the manager to take necessary decisionShow MoreRelatedControl Function Analysis : Change Management1507 Words   |  7 Pages Control Function Analysis Joshua Poole MGT/426 11/28/2016 Introduction Change management is an approach of modifying people, teams and organizations from the present status to a future preferred status in order to implement a certain strategy. It is an essential function in any project of an organization because it continuously enables an organization to stay current with other organizations in the marketplace. Change is essential for every organization. In order to achieve desirableRead MoreControl Function Analysis : Change Management1488 Words   |  6 Pages Control Function Analysis Introduction Change management is an approach ofmodifying people, teams and organizations from the present status to a future preferred status in order toimplement a certain strategy. It is an essential function in any project of an organization because it continuously enables an organization to stay current with other organizations in the marketplace. Change is essential for every organization. In order to achieve desirable utility change must be effective,Read MoreInternal Control : The Basic Functions Of Management956 Words   |  4 PagesQUESTION (2) (a) – What do you understand by internal control? (5 marks) Control is one of the basic functions of management. I understand internal control therefore to be the continuous process of ensuring an organisation’s objectives are achieved efficiently and effectively. I believe that internal control is a set of procedures and processes which the management of a company – the Board of Directors and management as a whole – are responsible for in order to prevent or deter and detect fraud;Read MoreThe Planning Control Link : The Basic Function Of Management Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesThe planning control link:- Planning:- It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. 1)Goals- ïÆ'Ëœ Planning requires a systematic approach. Planning starts with the setting of goals Setting of goals by which it means to work for the vision of the organisation to set a goal for which the plan is to be laid 2)objectives- Planning requires a systematic approachRead MoreManagement Practices : Managing Different Functions, Ethics, And Control896 Words   |  4 PagesManagers in Organizations Management practices have evolved with the culture over the centuries. Changes are continually made to maintain effectiveness and relevancy in managing different functions, ethics, strategic planning, decision making, structuring, behavior, communication, and control methods. Despite the multiple changes that have taken place over the generations, one management style remains timeless. Nehemiah set an ideal example of how to be an exceptional manger. Prayer, hard workRead MoreSolution Essays1577 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Internal Audit Function Nano Circuits Inc, is a publicly traded company that produces electronic control circuits, which are used in many products. In an effort to comply with SOX, Nano is in the process of establishing an in-house internal audit function, which previously had been outsourced. The company began this process by hiring a Director of Internal Audits. Nano Circuits’ CEO recently called a planning meeting to discuss the roles of key corporate participants regarding the implementationRead MoreManagement Function Controlling1653 Words   |  7 PagesFunctions of management The functions of management uniquely describe managers jobs. The most commonly cited functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, although some identify additional functions. The functions of management define the process of management as distinct from accounting, finance, marketing, and other business functions. These functions provide a useful way of classifying information about management, and most basic management texts sinceRead MoreFunctions Of Management : Planning, Directing And Controlling Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesfour major functions of management in order to succeed. The success of any business organization depends on how well these functions are applied. These management functions make it possible for a business to handle its business strategy, tactical and operational decisions in a more efficient and effective manner. The aim of this paper is to discuss the four main functions of management: Planning, Organizing, Direc ting and controlling. a. Planning - This is the first management function and it isRead MoreControl as a Management Tool1336 Words   |  6 PagesA manager has several functions in any given establishment or enterprise. These functions of a manager define the manager’s responsibilities and duties in the running of a company. The main function that is of critical importance is one of control. Control is important because it is the only way managers know whether organisational goals are being met and if not, the reasons why. Control entails setting standards of quality, comparing actual performance with required performance standards andRead MoreSeven Processes Of Practical Management1638 Words   |  7 PagesSEVEN PROCESSES OF PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT - PART 1B Forecasting This is a function of management as proposed by Henri Fayol. It is a process of predicting a future event and forms the basis for reducing the risk in all decision making. Successful forecasting depends on effective qualitative (judgemental) and quantitative (mathematical) methods and the ability to analyse data and results. Forecasts are rarely perfect because of their random nature and are more accurate for grouped data and over shorter

Climate Change And The Global Warming - 2248 Words

Abstract Increasing scientific confidence in estimates of the effects of climate change has recently been catapulted into mainstream media which has forced many to confront the subject of global warming and climate change. A decade ago the subject of global warming was not as widely accepted by the scientific community as it is today. Now, due to recent advances in technology, most scientists agree that climate change and the effects humans are having on it is indeed scientific fact. A different approach has been used, compared to the past, to investigate the small differences in land and sea temperatures. The results have led most scientists to conclude that climate change has significantly increased over the past 200 years. This conclusion was reached based on data collected over 10,000+ years and comparing it to the average normal temperature rise and fall between the centuries and millenniums. Climate Change Climate change and the effect it has had on global warming has been a scientific subject discussed for the last 30 years; however, only recently has it became a highly debated issue in world politics and pop culture. In fact, according to United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), climate change is one of only a few topics that many countries across the world have agreed upon as a potential future cataclysmic issue which must be discussed by world leaders who should also address it with their citizens. The vast majority of scientists are not onlyShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words   |  4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms â€Å"global warming†, â€Å"climate change† or â€Å"greenhouse effect† have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. It’s the world’s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon, known as â€Å"smog† became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere and

Leadership and Management in Abc Chemicals-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Management in Abc Chemicals. Answer: Introduction Employees safety and security in an organization delivers higher productivity and increase the level of efficiency of employees. In most of the cases, companies reduce medical cost and insurance cost of employees to showcase that company is caring for their employees and they will be there by the side of every employee. In this case study, ABC Chemicals Company is dealing with chemical distribution and they deliver acids, solvents, chemicals and detergents in retails shops (Logasakthi and Rajagopal 2013). They have some local nursing home options and day care centers for children but the actual need of dealing with the complex situation or hazardous situation is missing in this company. The entire essay is highlighting the fact of ensuring workplace safety and provides the best security for employees so that they concentrate on their work without indulging the matter. Legislation and compliance relating to Safety Data Sheets Safe work Australia is a regulatory process that Australian government has implemented for their workers. The process needs to be initiated by every organization so that their employees will have the ensured to be safe and they do their work in a peaceful manner. Work Health and Safety Act 2011 is liable for the employees and provide workplace safety to them. On the other hand, there are some legal responsibilities as well of the company to maintain productiveness of employees and process the business in an ethical way (Business.gov.au 2018). In case of ABC Chemicals Company workplace safety acts, regulations, codes and resources all these are very important and relevant as well for ensuring them a good quality of safety of their life. The company is dealing with the toxic and dangerous substances so better safety or the safety procedures need to be understood by the employees. Information about the safety and security law implement by employees are not known to every employee rather they know about the work process and possible manner to do the job, however, they do not have any knowledge regarding safety information. Waste management regulation implements in most of the organic and inorganic organization where chemicals are being introduced. In ABC Chemicals Company local government legislation of employees safety also needs to be implemented so that their risk and hazards will mitigate. Not only the internal massacre is always applicable for health hazards of employees but also some external events are also liable for health problems or big massacres. If there is road accident in front of the company and fire break out then employees need to know the possible way to deal with the situation (Khan and Hashemi 2017). Management has to provide them training so that they have an option to deal with the situation. ABC Chemicals Company lacks on that particular way as they do not have this strong development of training procedure to do this work in an effective way and state the understanding of employees to move them on the right path. Safety Data Sheet is another discretional document of physical and health hazard complex situation and a chemical inventory system that implemented in most of the chemical containing companies. ABC Chemicals Company is one of such companies where physical and mental health decaying a bit in an everyday manner so it will be readily assessable for this company to implement the allotment and ensure employees safety and security. Situational hazards In ABC Chemicals Company, 205-liter drum full with different solvent and this chemical is not so good for human health. The situation employees deal with is not the safest at all rather the decant process of those chemicals in short size containers are a really risk-oriented process. If any drop of the chemical spill through the container or the entire chemical pours wrongly then it can be a reason behind the entire death of employees. Situation risk cannot presume in this order so organization, management, and employees have to ready for any sort of occasion to mitigate this kind of process (Zanko and Dawson 2012). At first, the organization has to find out the possible causes of particular risk, if they identified such problem zones then it can be easier for the organization to prevent those effects. From the statistic it can be understood in 2013-2014, 113,956 serious claims have been identified and $10,100 median compensation has been paid in for that reason (Business.gov.au 2018 ). If the safety process implemented in an effective way then the figure of financial lodgment may be different. In ABC Chemicals Company workers limitation and possible injuries due to container pulling, or mental health blockage or dementia may affect employees health. This is the reason compensation statistics and figures are important of showcasing the actual state of workplace safety and situation of employees in that situation. 90% serious claim in due to injuries and that comes from the kinds of work that initiated by employees in the workplace (Business.gov.au 2018). As the health and insurance cover the entire situation of workplace thus it is quite easier for employees to do the process in a right way so that level of injury mitigates and factors of risk associations also decreases (Heaton 2012). A permanent negative impact will be impacted if hazardous situations are not changed and drastic future difficulties will come. This process of ensured things and proper placement of safety manners are also important in that segment and that regarded as one of the risks that can be mitigated in an effective order. Risk assessment procedures Risk management is an anticipated thinking of a new approach that initiated by most of the organizations to ensure the safety and security of employees. The planning considers risk identification, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of risks, risk response planning, monitoring control of the risk and all those things are underline the effective safe and secure scenario for employees (Quartey and Puplampu 2012). In most of the projects, the finishing the project is the key aspect for the organization but positive changes for employees in case of new legislation or act implemented by the government is the key successful methods for employees. ABC Chemicals Company is dealing with chemicals and there are 50 people are on duty in day to day running a business. In between 25 meters, a nursing home is located. But at the same time, 50 beads are not available or it can be possible that there is no opportunity for complex treatment of that nursing home. So at least two or more than two hospitals or nursing home will be under their belts so that the massive diverse situation also controlled by the management. Waste management is an aspect of risk and proper waste handling is an effective job that Australian government has done in an effective way (Lee et al. 2016). In case of decanting from the larger amount of chemicals from smaller containers, the most waste has been dumped on that occasion. In ABC Chemicals Company, the emergency equipment is there for the safe chemical handling but the cope up process for employees is not known to them. They are not aware of this situation and not a single emergency plan will be executed by them. This is the significant need for training for employees to know the process and deliver the best way to control the situation. Risk mitigation tools Risk identification is the first job to be done by the organization and the company has to identify the tools and techniques to mitigate the problem. Brainstorming and information gathering techniques are the first technique uses by the organization. This is the technique that possesses most of the organization to convey the entire process to employees so that they know all possible ways to handle the situation (Hughes and Ferrett 2012). There is another technique like Delphi technique that provides consult over any problem and try to find out the possible consequence of that, employees need to know the part of these and that resultant as the saver from the problem (Idris et al. 2012). Probability and impact matrix uses the immediate response. This tool is a standardize sample the customized a list where anyone can consider the risk factor and form in as a table to understand the possible risk behind that. Risk data quality assessment is determined by precise possible risk formats an d understands the risk as per the reliability in that case (Grote 2012). In most of the case the integrity of work culture and precession in the work in required, on that moment analysis of those facts or use them in an effective way is the right way to deal with the case. Root cause analysis is a tool that analyzes the root of the problem and determines the source so that mitigation process can be impacted by the scenario (Reniers and Faes 2013). All the possible tools are addressing on the on the risk mitigation and possible ways to indulge them in the workplace so that workplace productivity and efficiency remains same. These tools are used for the avoidance of error in the work and make the work flawless and mitigate the transfer of third party involvement in the work. If the work can be done single-handedly then there are fewer chances of error in work. In ABC Chemicals Company, decant of acids, corrosives and detergents need to be channelized in a proper way so that no harm contaminated due to that process (Drupsteen, Groeneweg and Zwetsloot 2013). Waste control management is not efficiently done in that company that may cause some problem for employees. Safe handling of tools and used them to consider any sort of problem situation is the correct way to use them. Prioritized risk control Prioritization the risk factors and broad variability of risks need some effective management to decrease the effect of those risks. In most of the cases, companies are prioritized the risk responses and choose the appropriate case to mitigate those problems (Pingle 2012). Probability, variability, propinquity, and manageability are the possible risk attributes that need to concern in the matter to make a successful constraint over the risks. Prioritizing the risk management situation, some of the concern thinking has come up and delivered the possible way of understanding about the current situation, high and low level of project and the aim to mitigate the possible risk in chemical companies (Alterman et al. 2013). In case of ABC Chemicals Company, chemical factors are highly applicable in this situation. Purpose and applicability in the variability of risk is the prime session that provides enough opportunity for the employee. The product risk is there and that process some risk a s well. Chemical contraction harmful for employees and acceptable tools is not appropriate in all the times. In such situations, ABC Chemicals Companys management has to take some effective steps so that evaluative progress can be initiated by employees. Development and assigning priorities is the best risk treatment plan template that aligns the best possible way to mitigate the risks. From the Influence diagram, it can be understood that from the sources responses and risk come at the same time (Brauer 2016). Risks create some negative effect that may be nullified to the standard operation as well but as per the potential of the risk, most of the relationship and their outcomes have come in a proper way of designation those responses in a good way of prioritizing techniques and attributes. Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded that ensuring workplace safety and security is the fundamental part that employees need in an organization. Management has to take this initiative to provide proper training providence in the workplace so that employees know about policies and legislation of the government and how these processes will enrich their work level as well. In ABC Chemicals Company, the cause-effect manner of health and safety is very important as the company is dealing with some sensuous matter of toxic ingestion. Waste management process, need of hospitals and nursing homes, good facilities for entire families and child care system will be implemented in a proper way so that every aspect of ensuring the safety process continues in the company. References Alterman, T., Luckhaupt, S.E., Dahlhamer, J.M., Ward, B.W. and Calvert, G.M., 2013. Prevalence rates of work organization characteristics among workers in the US: data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey.American journal of industrial medicine,56(6), pp.647-659. Brauer, R.L., 2016.Safety and health for engineers. John Wiley Sons. Business.gov.au 2018 WHS/OHS acts, regulations and codes of practice retrieved from: https://www.business.gov.au/info/run/workplace-health-and-safety/whs-oh-and-s-acts-regulations-and-codes-of-practice [Accessed on 24th February, 2018] Drupsteen, L., Groeneweg, J. and Zwetsloot, G.I., 2013. Critical steps in learning from incidents: using learning potential in the process from reporting an incident to accident prevention.International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics,19(1), pp.63-77. Goetsch, D.L., 2012.Construction Safety Health. Pearson Higher Ed. Grote, G., 2012. Safety management in different high-risk domainsall the same?.Safety Science,50(10), pp.1983-1992. Heaton, C.A. ed., 2012.The chemical industry. Springer Science Business Media. Hughes, P. and Ferrett, E., 2012.Introduction to health and safety in construction. Routledge. Idris, M.A., Dollard, M.F., Coward, J. and Dormann, C., 2012. Psychosocial safety climate: Conceptual distinctiveness and effect on job demands and worker psychological health.Safety Science,50(1), pp.19-28. Khan, F. and Hashemi, S.J., 2017. Introduction. InMethods in Chemical Process Safety(Vol. 1, pp. 1-36). Elsevier. Lee, K., Kwon, H.M., Cho, S., Kim, J. and Moon, I., 2016. Improvements of safety management system in Korean chemical industry after a large chemical accident.Journal of loss prevention in the process industries,42, pp.6-13. Logasakthi, K. and Rajagopal, K., 2013. A study on employee health, safety and welfare measures of chemical industry in the view of Salem Region.Management (IJRBM),1(1), pp.1-10. Pingle, S., 2012. Occupational safety and health in India: now and the future.Industrial health,50(3), pp.167-171. Quartey, S.H. and Puplampu, B.B., 2012. Employee health and safety practices: An exploratory and comparative study of the shipping and manufacturing industries in Ghana.International Journal of Business and Management,7(23), p.81. Reniers, G. and Faes, R., 2013. Managing domino effects in a chemical industrial area. InDomino Effects in the Process Industries(pp. 272-295). Zanko, M. and Dawson, P., 2012. Occupational health and safety management in organizations: A review.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(3), pp.328-344.

Blah free essay sample

My five-year tenure in blah ran the gamut from sweet to bitter. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, the hoard of knowledge and experience that have accumulated in this span of time has made my well of wisdom seemingly bottomless. I draw on these depletes riches of mine to help keep me afloat in the tempestuous, shark-infested waters of life. Each unique experience has given me new vision and a fresh perspective on life and education.From being a dewy-eyed schoolboy, a socially inept and gauche teen, living in is own bubble, indifferent to the world and unfolding around him, to being transformed into a man firmly anchored in the schools core principles and in the know of matters close to home. I have the school to thank for molding me and endowing me with such enriching experiences. I also have to pour out my gratification to the indefatigable teachers who give of their time and effort with such largesse to help prepare us for the imminent national examinations. We will write a custom essay sample on Blah or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More importantly, however, I would like to thank them for their owing beyond the syllabus of their us objects to teach us the fundamentals being human and to have a heart. Indeed, a person can climb up the corporate ladder and make a name and fortune for themselves but without their humanity and ethics intact, that person remains but a cold, bitter person who chases after worldly desires. However, there is something stifling and almost poisonous about abandoning your passions. Increased my trajectory, and aimed for the stars in the academic sphere. Being implacable in ambition; academically precocious.

Banning Te Novel Huck Finn From School Reading Lists Essays

Banning Te Novel Huck Finn From School Reading Lists Banning te novel Huck Finn from school reading lists My essay deals with banning the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn from high school reading lists, and why this behavior is inappropriate. Specifically, it addresses the following question: Columnist James J. Kilpatrick wrote that Huck Finn is a fun book for white boys to read? For black children, I have come to realize, it is a brutal slap in the face. He condemns the book because of its use of the word nigger. Many school districts have banned this book for the same reason. What are your views on this subject? Since the Civil War, racism has been a very delicate issue with the American public. Whereas some people have tried to transgress this issue, pretending that race no longer plays a significant role in our country, other people still believe that there are serious racial dilemmas in the United States. I am one these people. However, unlike some, I do not believe this problem can be solved by avoiding or sugarcoating the issue of race, as James L. Kilpatrick and several schools appear to be doing. In the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain presents an adventure story filled with deeper meanings and controversial topics, two in particular being slavery and racism. Despite the usage of the word nigger and the stereotypical portrayal of African Americans, I do not think schools have any justification in banning this book from reading lists. Mark Twain wrote Huck Finn during the Reconstruction period in the south, at a time when most Americans wanted to forget all about the institution of slavery and its consequences. However, Twain set the time period of this novel prior to the Civil War when slavery was at its peak. Thus, the racist views he included in the book mirrored the attitudes of most southerners during this time. Those that say that Huck Finn is inappropriate to be read in schools are in effect saying that a portion of United States history should not be taught in the classroom. Although slavery was one of the most horrific periods in our countries history, to make sure nothing of its caliber ever occurs again, we must make sure every high school student is aware of the ramifications of such practices. By banning an important work in U.S. history, these schools are ignoring the racial sentiments of this time period simply because the language in Huck Finn may not be appropriate. In addition, reading this novel hopefully invokes in people a sense of shame for the mistakes of our ancestors. Though the novel's language may offend some, it is Africans Americans and Caucasians alike who are offended. Nobody likes to look at the word nigger nor hear it used, however, we must accept that this word was at one time considered appropriate language. Reading the novel, I was repulsed by this word and my stomach churned as I read about the ignorance and hate stored within the hearts of characters. However, I enjoyed reading this novel and gained a new perspective of life prior to the Civil War. I think that when schools ban the novel Huck Finn from their curriculum that they are in effect failing their students. Huck Finn is an excellent piece of literature, rich with history, description, and unique perspectives. By not allowing this book to be read in schools is like shutting students out from a valuable learning experience. Yes, they can still read the novel in their spare time, but they are not afforded the privilege to discuss this book openly in class or gain new perspectives into its meaning. In addition, when African Americans refuse to read this novel they are depriving themselves of a experiencing a brilliant piece of literature. I think that until you try something, you can't attack it, or else you are showing your ignorance and stubborn nature. Twain did not write this novel to belittle the African American race or to promote the institution of slavery. Twain wrote this novel to depict life in the South prior to the Civil War. Along with this depiction are the bias and racist attitudes prevalent in South at

Alexander Hamilton essays

Alexander Hamilton essays Alexander Hamilton wasnt only George Washingtons accomplice, but he was also great admirer of Great Britains government, which explains why he wanted to develop better relations between the U.S. and Britain. Hamilton helped Washington out a lot during his term as aide-de-camp. Alexander Hamilton also worked at improved relations between Britain and the United States. When Alexander Hamilton accepted his appointment as aide-de-camp to Washington, it was the beginning of a long and productive, yet at times tense, relationship between the two. Many myths have been created about their partnership, some say that Hamilton was Washingtons brain, which thought for him and later on took over his administration. There are those who also say that Hamilton was the favorite and surrogate son to the childless General Washington, and that Hamilton saw Washington as the father he never had. When dictating official correspondence, Washington suggested the general idea of what he wanted said, and the aide put together his thoughts into an official statement. Washington carefully read all official correspondence before it left headquarters, and revised whenever necessary. He never allowed someone else's opinions to pass for his own. During his presidential administration, Washington did not blindly accept Hamilton's advice, but often required his Secretary of the Treasury to justify his policies thoroughly when they came under question. In matters of diplomacy, he routinely accepted Jefferson's recommendations, not Hamilton's. Hamilton had unbounded respect for Washington's power, and he knew that his position as aide-de-camp would get him useful connections and a high-visibility position in which to prove his abilities. Washington admired Hamilton's energy and intellect, and must have seen a bit of a mirror image in him. Washington's confidence in Hamilton was unwavering; he continued to seek Hamilton's advice throu...

The factors that affect the likelihood and sustainability of collusion Essay

The factors that affect the likelihood and sustainability of collusion in a specific industry - Essay Example Fundamentally, collusion is aimed at restricting or distorting competition within the market that the firms in that industry serve, and thereby reap the benefit of high and uncontrolled profitability. Therefore, this analysis seeks to establish the factors that affect the likelihood of collusion within the Air Travel Industry, and how such collusion is sustainable. Factors that affect the likelihood of collusion and sustainability in the Air Travel Industry Hypothetical Case: Air Canada and West Jet have been accused in colluding on fares on direct flights from Edmonton to Fort McMurray. The Air Travel Industry is an industry that is fairly competitive, considering that there are various airlines that operate within any given country or region, thus making the business of air travel fairly competitive3. Nevertheless, the Air Travel Industry also presents the opportunity for creating a monopoly or an oligopoly, considering that it is an industry that has low number of players. ... Therefore, there are high barriers to the entry for new firms, considering that economic barriers such as the high cost of entry prevent investors from being able to enter the Air Travel Industry4. Thus, barriers to entry form one of the structural features of the market and industry that make collusion more common and sustainable in this industry. The market and industry structure of Air Travel entails a high initial cost of entry, because purchasing and licensing an aircraft to be used for Air Travel purposes is a costly affair, in addition to the legal barriers that are brought about by the government tight control of the industry5. Further, the Air Travel Industry depends highly ion the benefits of the economies of scale in order to survive and thrive to profit earning levels, which requires that the firm operating in the industry should have several aircraft that operates in different destinations, both locally and internationally, to ensure that the route that earns low profits is compensated for, by the one earning high profits, thus the average profitability of the firm becomes substantial6. This is an aspect that serves to reduce the threat of new entrants, since the new entrants will be required to purchase several aircrafts, and undergo the restrictive government legislation procedures in order to finally enter into the industry, thus making the threat of competition low7. It is this low threat of competition that serves as an incentive to encourage the collusion between the few firms that have managed to operate in the industry, and thus make such collusion sustainable, considering that virtually all the firms operating in this industry have overcome the market challenges involved, and thus no single firm

Final Film Critique Momento Mori Research Paper

Final Film Critique Momento Mori - Research Paper Example This might be a straightforward suspense thriller if not for the inversion of the usual chronology of a narrative. Rather than begin with the traumatic event, or early in the story with a few flashbacks to the traumatic event, the movie begins instead at its chronological ending, with Leonard enacting his revenge with the polarizing aid of a Polaroid camera. The story then proceeds in reverse, through a series of events in which each successive event precedes chronologically the event it follows. In effect, the movie mirrors the memory disorder that afflicts its main character. Leonard maintains a pretense of continuity through a series of tattoos that define his identity and his purpose and photographs that provide basic information about the people and objects with which he must interact. Equipped with these two modes of visual inscription, Shelby uses â€Å"habit and routine† to make his â€Å"life possible.† This essay will offer a detailed criticism of the film foc using on three themes: the double constitution of the film's protagonist, the fate of Teddy as decided by the objects around him, and the unique position the audience is placed in if and when they become aware of the climactic â€Å"error† of the film. ... But if his mind suffers from his strange amnesia, his body remains as a canvass on which to archive those questions of identity that haunt the agency lost along with his memory. Some tattoos provide routines by which to self-identify his disorder (â€Å"remember Sally Jankis†) while others provide information (the series of â€Å"Facts†) about the mysterious John G. responsible for his wife’s death. This cognitive road-map is in many was not nearly as striking and fetishized as it seems to be when it first appears on screen; in reality, it represents merely a more dramatic version of the same externalized memory technologies we have depended upon since the origin of writing. We use these external and technological memory systems to help make sense of the world around us, given that there is so much of the world we do not understand and far too much of the world for us to ever easily remember. In a book titled Impossible Exchange, Jean Baudrillard argues that huma nity, unable to deal with the radical uncertainty of the world, attempts instead to liquidate it, â€Å"to destroy it by substituting an artificial one, built from scratch, a world for which we do not have to account to anyone† (2001, p. 14). Given the doubts we have about the world, we prefer to find solace in the â€Å"simulacra and simulations† of places like Disney or religion or particular versions of history (Baudrillard, 1994), rather than face the reality that we do not know any of these things for sure. This is exactly what takes place in Memento with Shelby's tattoo work. Thus, Shelby’s attempt to use his skin as a place to store his memory is not as remarkable for its strangeness as it is for its banality: in a culture defined by the seasonal rotation of

Alexander Graham Bell 1847-1922 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alexander Graham Bell 1847-1922 - Essay Example On 3rd March 1847, in the town of Edinburgh, Scotland, Eliza Grace Symonds and Professor Alexander Melville Bell were blessed with a son, Alexander Bell. His father, Professor Alexander Melville Bell, was a famous speech expert or elocutionist and teacher of deaf people. Alexander had two other brothers namely, Edward Charles Bell and Melville James Bell. However, both of them later passed on after ailing from Tuberculosis. Interestingly, the name ‘Graham’ was only added when he was 11 years of age after he made a request to equally have a middle name as the rest of his siblings. Most of his childhood years were spent in Scotland with his father acting as a personal tutor. Evidently, Alexander made his first innovation at the age of 12 by inventing a machine that had the capacity to remove the husks of wheat grains and clean them at the same time. The dehusking machine was composed of revolving paddles and pairs of nailbrushes. The machine was adopted by many mill compan ies since it assisted in speeding up of wheat processing. At age 15, he enrolled at Royal High School but left after only four semesters. At the age of 16, Alexander attained a job at the Weston House Academy in Elgin Scotland. His job description was as a part time teacher and pupil of music and speech. Incidentally, his father was against the idea of him pursuing any career within the department of science. However, Alexander maintained his pursuit of science as he wanted to emulate both his grandfather and father. At the Weston House, Alexander took up some Greek and Latin courses and later became a teacher of the same. His charges for remuneration of services rendered were boarding and accommodation at the institution and 10 pounds per lesson. Alexander later attended the University of Edinburg at the age of 17. Incidentally, his brother Edward was enrolled at the same University before his untimely demise on May, 1870. On April of 1871, Alexander relocated to Boston,

Analysis of Compound 109 using 13C NMR Spectra

Analysis of Compound 109 using 13C NMR Spectra The 13C NMR spectrum of compound 109-114 is represented in Plate 40-45. Structural elucidation of 109 by 13C NMR spectrum has been described and it was confirmed from the two dimensional NMR reports of 109. Assignments for the other compounds 109-114 made by comparing with compound 109. Table 33 lists the chemical shift values of 109. A collection of signals resonated in the aliphatic region at 20.85, 26.60 and 27.98 ppm of the three signals in the aliphatic region, signals at 20.85, 26.60 and 27.98 ppm are assigned to C-7, C-6 and C-8, respectively. The C-5 signal is merged with solvent signal. In addition to this, the benzylic carbon signals C-2 and C-4 were resonated at 64.53 and 62.52 ppm respectively, whereas the bridgehead carbon C-1 was appeared at 45.69 ppm. Moreover, a collection of signals appeared in the region 102.69-131.40 ppm, which are unambiguously assigned to aryl carbon. A part from the assigned signals, two signals resonated in the downfield at 142.56 and 142.72 pp m is assigned to ipso carbons. Another four unassigned signals resonated in the down field region at 159.55 to 166.27 ppm and these signals belong to C=0, C=N, C-OH carbons respectively. 1H-13C COSY spectra Plate 46 and 47 represents the 1H-13C COSY spectrum of 105 and the correlations showed in Table 34. HMBC (Plate 40) and HSQC (Plate 41) correlations have been used to assign the benzylic carbons, ipso carbons of aryl group, and methylene carbons (C-6, C-7, and C-8). The benzylic protons observed at 4.30 (H-2a) and 4.25 ppm (H-4a) showed cross peak with 64.33 (C-2) and 62.52 ppm (C-4), which may be due to the C-2 and C-4 carbons of the piperidone heterocyclic of the ABN system. The bridgehead methine proton signals at 2.50 (H-1e) and 2.98 (H-5e) ppm was correlated with the carbon signals at 45.69 ppm (C-1) and 39.57 ppm (C-5). This indicates that the signals appeared at 45.69 and 39.57 ppm is unambigously assigned to C-1 and C-5 carbons. Cross peak with the protons resonated at 2.77 (H-7a) and 1.27 (H-7e) ppm was correlated with the carbon signal at 20.85 ppm and this confirms the signal at 20.85 ppm was solely specific to C-7 carbon. H-6a and H-6e protons appeared at 1.45 and 1.60 ppm showed cross peak with 26.60 ppm (C-6 carbon), which confirms that the signal at 26.60 ppm was due to C-6 carbon and the carbon signal at 20.85 ppm was attributed to the corresponding C-7 carbon. Similarly, the H-8e (1.63 ppm) and H-8a (1.55 pm) protons was correlated with the carbon signal at 27.98 ppm (C-8), which suppors that the signal at 27.98 ppm was ascribed to the cyclohexane ring carbon C-8. Analysis of spectra of 109-114 1H and 13C NMR spectral analysis of other compounds such as N-(2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)-2,4-dihydro-xybenzohydrazide101, N-(2,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3-azabi-cyclo-[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)-2,4-dihydroxybenzohydrazide 102, N-(2,4-bi-s(4-bromophenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)-2,4-dihydroxy-benzohydrazide 103, N-(2,4-dip-tolyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1] nonan-9-ylidene)-2,4-dihydroxybenzohydrazide 104, N-(2,4-bis(2-chloro-phenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)-2,4-dihydroxy-benzohy-drazide 105 was analyzed in a similar way of 109. The chemical shift and splitting patterns observed using 1H and 13C NMR assignments for other compounds is presented in Tables 35 and 36 and their corresponding spectra are given in Plates 33-37 41-45, respectively. Tables 37-42 show the brief description of analytical and spectral data of compounds 109-114. Taken together, all the above observations substantiate the proposed structure and twin-chair (CC) conformation o f 2r,4c-diaryl-3-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan-9-one-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadazole-5-carbonyl hydrazones 102-108. Biological study Free radical scavenging activity Intensity of the free radical scavenging potential strongly depends upon its chemical structure. Several studies have demonstrated that the free radical scavenging effects is noticeably influenced by the number and position of hydroxyl groups on the D ring and by the extent of conjugation between the D ring amide carbonyl group [1-4]. The dihydroxy structure in the D ring confers high stability to the hydrazones phenoxyl radical via hydrogen bonding or by electron delocalization. The amide carbonyl group double bond (Conjugation with the amide oxo group) determines the coplanarity of the phenyl ring and participates in radical stabilization via electron delocalization over all ring system [4]. Initial studies on analysis of free radical scavenging potential of diaryl 3-azabicyclononanones revealed a concentration dependent weak anti-radical activity resulting from reduction of DPPH†¢, ABTS†¢+, O†¢Ã¢Ë†â€™, OH†¢, and nitric oxide radicals to their non-radical forms. In order to bring the dihydroxy structure in the D ring and the amide carbonyl group double bond (Conjugation with the amide oxo group) into diaryl 3-azabicyclononanones to enhance the free radical potential (figure 14), We therefore synthesized N-(2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)-2,4-dihydroxybenzohydrazide (109-114) by the reaction of 95,96,98-101 with 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide (94) in the presence of acetic acid. All the tested compounds showed a concentration dependent anti-radical activity against various free radicals. IC50 values for the free radical scavenging effects of ascorbic acid and various synthetic compounds (109-114) are shown in Table 43.This may be due to the hydrogen atom donation mechanism and the electron donation mechanism. In the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism, hydroxyl groups donate hydrogen to a radical stabilizing it and giving rise to a relatively stable hydrazones phenoxyl radical. Figure 15 illustrates the probable mechanism of hydrogen atom donating ability of compounds 109-114. The electron donation mechanism involves through the strong hydrogen bond of -OH moiety with the oxygen atom of amide carbonyl group that may prevent efficient deprotonation and enhance their radical scavenging action by means of hydrogen atom donation. Figure 16 illustrates the probable mechanism of free radical scavenging effects of compounds 109-114 through electron donating mechanism. Structure A is the parent neutral molecule of compounds 109-114. Structure B is the initial radical ions and structure C is its more stable tautomeric form. The tautomeric form C of the radical ions results from the initial radical ions B and proton transfer from C-2Ê º -OH to carbonyl groups. We found required structural features to scavenge free radical in our tested compounds (109-144). However, we have noticed a diverse range of effects against various free radicals. This may be due the different substitution at the C-2 and C-6 positions of the azabicyclononan-9-one moiety. Compound 8 devoid of any substituents at the para position of the phenyl groups at the C-2 and C-6 positions of the azabicyclononan-9-one moiety and phenyl rings with electron-donor methyl groups at the para position of compounds 113 showed excellent free radical scavenging effects compared to standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, a known antioxidant used as a positive control. This may be due to incorporation of methyl groups at para position phenyl ring. Several studies have demonstrated that organic molecules incorporating a methyl groups can act as free radical trapping agents and are capable of opposing oxidative challenges [5,6]. Compounds possessing electron-withdrawing chloro (110/114), bromo (111), and fluoro (112), substitutions at the para position of the piperidine moiety showed admirable in vitro free radical scavenging effects against various free radicals. This admirable or less free radical scavenging effects of compounds with bromo, choloro and fluoro substitutions may be due to the electron-withdrawing inductive effect of halogens. The results obtained in the present study are in line with other findings [7,8]. Taken together, the current research suggests that azabicyclononane ring ensuring hydroxyl groups on the D ring and by the extent of conjugation between the D ring amide carbonyl group with strong free scavenging effects (111) may conceivably contribute to its protective effects against free radical-induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. Antibacterial and antifungal activity Synthesized compounds 109-114 were examined for their antibacterial and antifungal potencies. In vitro studies by twofold serial dilution method was adopted. Streptomycin/ streptomycin/ fluconazole were used as a positive control. Table 44 shows the MICs of test compounds 109-114. Analysis of in vitro antimicrobial effects of all the N-(2r,4c-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)-2,4-dihydroxybenzohydrazide 109-114 revealed a diverse range of (1.56-200  µg/mL) against the various bacterias and fungus. The compounds deprived of any substituents at the aryl rings in 109 hinder the growth of all bacteria and fungus at a MIC value of 100-200 ÃŽ ¼g/mL. However, compounds 110, 111 and 112 possessing para halo (electron withdrawing substitutents chloro, fluoro and bromo) substituted aryl groups in azabicyclononane moiety accounts for the enhanced inhibitory effects against B. subtilis, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, A. flavus, A. Niger, C. albicans, and Candida6 at MIC value s of 1.56-25  µg/mL when compared to the standard antibiotic streptomycin/ fluconazole. Several studies have also documented that electron-withdrawing groups (fluoro, bromo and chloro) substituted azabicyclononan-9-one derivatives exhibited outstanding antibacterial and antifungal activities [9,10]. Compound 114 with ortho chloro substituent in the phenyl moiety displays good antibacterial activity against all pathogens. Other compounds displayed reduced inhibitory effects against various bacterial strains compared to the standard streptomycin/ fluconazole. The results of the present study demonstrates that electron withdrawing groups at the para position of the aromatic ring in azabicyclononan-9-one moiety exert superior inhibitory effect against various tested microbes compared to the other test compounds and standard drug. The SARs based on IC50 values (table 44) showed that variations in substitution of the aryl groups at C-2 and C-4 position of the azabicyclononane ring may have significant impact on the anti-microbial activity against various microbes. Conclusion The chemical condensation of diversely substituted diaryl 3-azabicyclononan-9-ones with 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide in the presence of acetic acid provide corresponding hydrazones 109-114 with increased antioxidant potential and anti-microbial effects. Although various hydrazones exerted the free radical scavenging effets in a good dose-dependent manner, compound 109 and 113 were more active in scavenging free radicals than their parent hydrazones and ascorbic acid. In addition, the results of the antimicrobial activities of hydrazones revealed that compounds 110, 111 and 112 possessing para halo (electron withdrawing substitutents chloro, fluoro and bromo) display promising activities against all tested microorganisms. The results of the present study provide a further insight into the structural requirements to develop potential new antioxidants and anti-microbial agents.

Prospero’s Problem With Perfection Essay -- Prospero Tempest shakespea

Prospero’s Problem With Perfection: Why Magic Isn’t Enough Giovanni Pico’s Oration on the Dignity of Man promotes the perfectibility of mankind. In the oration, Pico presents a specific, sequential program for man’s spiritual ascendancy to godly flawlessness. And yet Pico’s program is dealt a literary blow in William Shakespeare’s The Tempest when the protagonist, learned mage Prospero, is unable to complete Pico’s curriculum and quits his magic entirely. The divergent view of man expressed in these two works exists on many levels, but I believe the essential tension is revealed in the role of a single character in The Tempest: the misshapen manservant Caliban. Caliban is grotesque and base. Arguably, his external ugliness reflects a moral hideousness within. Cosmo Corfield, in his scholarly article Why Does Prospero Abjure His â€Å"Rough Magic†? explicates this relationship when he associates â€Å"Caliban’s bestiality with a propensity to evil.† However, Caliban’s consignment to the realm of evil and vice must be examined more closely. Is Caliban so evil? Is earthiness necessarily linked to immorality? Understanding the character of Caliban is essential to understanding why Prospero is unable to achieve perfection. Pico’s program for man’s perfectibility consists of three stages. He sees men as â€Å"first being purified, then illuminated, then finally made perfect† (16). These stages also follow in rigid sequence. Purification is achieved by â€Å"refraining the impulses of our passions through moral science . . . by dissipating the darkness of reason by dialectic† (16). Once cleansed of the â€Å"filth of ignorance and vice,† we may then â€Å"suffuse our purified souls with the light of natural philosophy† (16). After illuminat... ...ke us remember what is significant. We may accumulate books and be filled with magical promise, yet still be – as Prospero until the very end – clueless. Pico’s program is best appreciated as a way of living – a desire to be the best person possible. Man’s perfection is wholly distinct from the perfection of God. The perfected man remains grounded in all that is human and natural; his eyes set not only on the heavens, but focused also on the world before him. Works Cited Corfield, Cosmo. â€Å"Why Does Prospero Abjure His â€Å"Rough Magic†? Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol.36, No.1 (Spring, 1985), 31-48. Mirandolla, Giovanni Pico della. Oration of the Dignity of Man. Trans. A. Robert Caponigri. Washington D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 1999. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square Press, 2004. Prospero’s Problem With Perfection Essay -- Prospero Tempest shakespea Prospero’s Problem With Perfection: Why Magic Isn’t Enough Giovanni Pico’s Oration on the Dignity of Man promotes the perfectibility of mankind. In the oration, Pico presents a specific, sequential program for man’s spiritual ascendancy to godly flawlessness. And yet Pico’s program is dealt a literary blow in William Shakespeare’s The Tempest when the protagonist, learned mage Prospero, is unable to complete Pico’s curriculum and quits his magic entirely. The divergent view of man expressed in these two works exists on many levels, but I believe the essential tension is revealed in the role of a single character in The Tempest: the misshapen manservant Caliban. Caliban is grotesque and base. Arguably, his external ugliness reflects a moral hideousness within. Cosmo Corfield, in his scholarly article Why Does Prospero Abjure His â€Å"Rough Magic†? explicates this relationship when he associates â€Å"Caliban’s bestiality with a propensity to evil.† However, Caliban’s consignment to the realm of evil and vice must be examined more closely. Is Caliban so evil? Is earthiness necessarily linked to immorality? Understanding the character of Caliban is essential to understanding why Prospero is unable to achieve perfection. Pico’s program for man’s perfectibility consists of three stages. He sees men as â€Å"first being purified, then illuminated, then finally made perfect† (16). These stages also follow in rigid sequence. Purification is achieved by â€Å"refraining the impulses of our passions through moral science . . . by dissipating the darkness of reason by dialectic† (16). Once cleansed of the â€Å"filth of ignorance and vice,† we may then â€Å"suffuse our purified souls with the light of natural philosophy† (16). After illuminat... ...ke us remember what is significant. We may accumulate books and be filled with magical promise, yet still be – as Prospero until the very end – clueless. Pico’s program is best appreciated as a way of living – a desire to be the best person possible. Man’s perfection is wholly distinct from the perfection of God. The perfected man remains grounded in all that is human and natural; his eyes set not only on the heavens, but focused also on the world before him. Works Cited Corfield, Cosmo. â€Å"Why Does Prospero Abjure His â€Å"Rough Magic†? Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol.36, No.1 (Spring, 1985), 31-48. Mirandolla, Giovanni Pico della. Oration of the Dignity of Man. Trans. A. Robert Caponigri. Washington D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 1999. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square Press, 2004.

Capital Budgeting Worksheet Essay

Read the scenarios below and select one to review and analyze. Determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability. For all scenarios, assume spending occurs on the first day of each year and benefits or savings occurs on the last day. Assume the discount rate or weighted average cost of capital is 10%. Ignore taxes and depreciation. Proposal A: New Factory A company wants to build a new factory for increased capacity. Using the net present value (NPV) method of capital budgeting, determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability with the following information: †¢Building a new factory will increase capacity by 30%. †¢The current capacity is $10 million of sales with a 5% profit margin. †¢The factory costs $10 million to build. †¢The new capacity will meet the company’s needs for 10 years. †¢The factory is worth $14 million over 10 years. Proposal B: New Equipment A company wants to buy a labor-saving piece of equipment. Using the NPV method of capital budgeting, determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability with the following information: †¢Labor content is 12% of sales, which are annually $10 million. †¢The new equipment will save 20% of labor annually. †¢The new equipment will last 5 years. †¢The new equipment will cost $200,000. Proposal C: New Advertising Program A company wants to invest in a new advertising program. Using the NPV method  of capital budgeting, determine the proposal’s appropriateness and economic viability with the following information: †¢The new program will increase current sales, $10 million, by 20%. †¢The new program will have a profit margin is 5% of sales. †¢The new program will have a 3-year effect. †¢The new program will cost the company $200,000 in the first year.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Essays - Conservatism In The United States

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Essays - Conservatism In The United States John Fitzgerald Kennedy If you have ever had any curiosities about any of the leading figures of American History, from John Quincy Adams to Robert A. Taft, John Fitzgerald Kennedy details for you the accomplishments and personalities of a great cross-section of Americana. Mind you, this book is not a provocative thriller, nor an aloof murder story, but an encyclopedia of sorts, a personal reference. The people that JFK wrote about were truly courageous and intriguing, and upon reading about them, you begin to immediately respect them. Kennedy won the Nobel Peace Prize for Literature with this book, and with all the credit given to this book, how can one argue with a masterpiece? One great merit of this volume is that its instances of courage are all true, clear and in the last analysis constructive; its heroes- John Quincy Adams, Webster, Houston, Ross of Kansas, George Norris-all exercised their courage in a noble way for large ends. The Foreward was written by Allen Nevins, a great journalist and admirer of the Late Kennedy(The most amazing part being that Kennedy at this time was still a senator!). With such a lofty opinion of the ex-president, the foreward was very upbeat. It spoke of the differentiations between courage and bravery, the very definition of courage, and even some of the reasons that a few of the men qualified to enter JFK's profiles. The preface, written by JFK himself, was merely a thank-you to the brave and trail-blazing politicians that preceded him, and to his wife. All in all, there are eight profiles of Kennedy's most revered men. The first listed being John Q. Adams. According to JFK, Adams was young, very unsure and yet, determined. Adams received threats in the mail from the federalist party and was prepared to leave any politics he was set to go into. In time, he began a very powerful man, taking part in more important events than anyone else in our history, the most important, of course, being the presidency. The succeeding profile is of Daniel Webster, one of the most powerful orators and statesmen of his time, or any other. Daniel Webster is familiar to many of us as the battler of Jabez Stone's soul against the devil in Stephen Vincent Benet's story. There could be no mistaking that he was a great man, as JFK writes, "He was a great man-he looked like one, talked like one, was treated like one, and insisted he was one." The next profile is of Thomas Hart Benton, a senator from Missouri, a man that used to engage in stand-off's and shootings. He held all of the people he spoke with in...fear. He spoke well, and always had a rebuttal to even the most stinging sarcasm. As a matte of fact, Benton tried his hardest to become as fearsome as possible, brushing himself daily with a horsehair brush, giving his skin a very leathery texture. Benton held such a fix in the Capitol that Missouri voted him to stay in office for just over thirty years! Benton stood up for what he wanted to happen, he listened less and less to his people in Missouri, and he became very devoted to winning everything he advocated for. Perhaps that is why he was considered courageous, that or the pistols he always carried into the Capitol. Thirdly was Sam Houston, governor of both Texas and Tennessee. During his time as a statesman for Texas, it was up to him to bring Texas into statehood, and he accomplished it well. He was dubbed 'The Magnificent Barbarian" due to his neanderthalic features, and moving orations. He was barnone the most popular statesman of his time, struggling like mad to accomplish all that he had set forth in a long journal to himself. His passion for his voters, the people, placed him in many high offices, in two different states! His worst mistake that ultimately ended his career was his vote to put an end to slavery, a vote that went against the thoughts of most people in Texas. Next in line was Edmund G. Ross, a young senator from Kansas. Ross was admitted during one of the most turmoil-filled epoch of American History, the time of President Andrew Johnson. Andrew had succeeded Lincoln as president, and was sent into his job to clean up all the hatred shared between the North and the South. Of course, the South had been conquered, and it was up to Johnson to decide what

Free Essays on What Is Heritage

What is Heritage? In â€Å"Everyday Use,† the theme revolves around presence of heritage. Dee wants to take on the heritage of African decent. But her mother and Maggie realize that the real heritage lies in the everyday traditions that they practice. They use many things in the story as a part of their everyday traditions. The churn top, dasher, and quilts all are symbolically linked to the heritage of this family. Heritage is a tradition. Something passed down from generations that come before. A person determines their heritage by the traditions they learn from their parents and other elders. You cannot claim a heritage in which was not brought down to you through your family. Dee came home with a new name. Dee states her name has changed saying, â€Å"No mama, not Dee. Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo.†(175) She takes a new African name. She is beginning to claim the heritage of an African from Africa. In leaving her home she has forgotten her family traditions and now takes an African one. She comes back to her mother’s house with all these ideas of being a culture before her time. Her name change is a symbol of her giving up her traditions of an African American for one of a Native African. In taking this new name she is denying the heritage she was brought up on and claiming another she was not taught. Dee also sees things in her mother’s house and wants them for artistic decoration. One thing Dee was taking was the churn top. Dee asks her mother â€Å"Didn’t Uncle Buddy whittle is out of a tree you all used to have?†(177) This was something that a family member made by hand. Dee wanted it for decoration to show her heritage. In wanting it she did not realize the value of it. Her mother and sister use this top in everyday use. They need it to make their butter. Bacchus 2 Dee wanted it because she thought it would make a nice centerpiece for her table. She was trying to get things to remind her of a heritage... Free Essays on What Is Heritage Free Essays on What Is Heritage What is Heritage? In â€Å"Everyday Use,† the theme revolves around presence of heritage. Dee wants to take on the heritage of African decent. But her mother and Maggie realize that the real heritage lies in the everyday traditions that they practice. They use many things in the story as a part of their everyday traditions. The churn top, dasher, and quilts all are symbolically linked to the heritage of this family. Heritage is a tradition. Something passed down from generations that come before. A person determines their heritage by the traditions they learn from their parents and other elders. You cannot claim a heritage in which was not brought down to you through your family. Dee came home with a new name. Dee states her name has changed saying, â€Å"No mama, not Dee. Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo.†(175) She takes a new African name. She is beginning to claim the heritage of an African from Africa. In leaving her home she has forgotten her family traditions and now takes an African one. She comes back to her mother’s house with all these ideas of being a culture before her time. Her name change is a symbol of her giving up her traditions of an African American for one of a Native African. In taking this new name she is denying the heritage she was brought up on and claiming another she was not taught. Dee also sees things in her mother’s house and wants them for artistic decoration. One thing Dee was taking was the churn top. Dee asks her mother â€Å"Didn’t Uncle Buddy whittle is out of a tree you all used to have?†(177) This was something that a family member made by hand. Dee wanted it for decoration to show her heritage. In wanting it she did not realize the value of it. Her mother and sister use this top in everyday use. They need it to make their butter. Bacchus 2 Dee wanted it because she thought it would make a nice centerpiece for her table. She was trying to get things to remind her of a heritage...

China internet censorship is against human rights Essay

China internet censorship is against human rights - Essay Example (Watts, 2005) However, with the emergence of the internet, there came a new way in which people in China could express themselves directly. In line with the latter mentioned Draconian thinking, the Chinese government opted to engage in censorship of these internet websites so as to maintain power struggles. Human rights activists argue that this is fact an inhibition of the freedom of belief and the issue of democracy as it is. (Zittrain, 2006) The Chinese government normally resorts to a multiple mix of censorship methods to ensure that only the information they approve reaches Chinese internet users. In certain instances, the government may resort to the use of cyber police who conduct surveillance actions. In other situations, the government may resort to internet filtering technologies that may or may not be done regularly. Usually, one gets a message indicating that there is a network error or a problem with their IP. In other words, the government does not explain that it is in fact that the one responsible for censoring that site thus making it hard for the respective users.

Statistical Significance of the Parameters Statistics Project

Statistical Significance of the Parameters - Statistics Project Example Since the probability (F-test) is less than the benchmark cutoff point of 0.05 which constitutes that overall model is good enough. R-squared value is around 0.96 which means that all the independent variables predict the manhours needed by around 96%. In other words, 96% variation in the manhours needed is explained by these seven variables included in the model. Statistical Significance of the Parameters If the p-values of each parameter are considered, it can be observed that for variables X1, X3, X4 and X5, the p-values are greater than the cutoff significant level of 0.05, therefore, these parameters are not considered as significant in predicting then manhours needed on individual basis. However, by staying in the overall model, they jointly predict the dependent variable of manhours needed. The other three independent parameters i.e. X2, X6 and X7 are statistically significant to predict the manhours needed as their p-values are less 0.05/ Question 2 H0: ?1 = ?2 = ?3 = ?4 = ?5 = ?6 = ?7 = 0 H1: At least one of the coefficients is not equal to 0 which would suggest that the model has explanatory power. F-statistics = 60.173 Therefore the hypothesis acceptance region is [0,F 8-1,25-8 ]=[0, F 7,17] From the F-statistics table the acceptance region is [0 and 2.61] Since F-statistics computed lies outside this region which is 60.173, therefore the hypothesis can be rejected as the all the parameters can jointly predict the manhours needed. This thing can also be proved by p-values of F-statistics which is less than the threshold of 0.05. R-squared tells about the goodness-of-fit of the model which is around 0.96. Therefore, 96% of the variation in the manhours, can be explained by all seven... Number of building wings has a positive influence upon manhours such that around 5.6 building wings can cause additional one manhour. Operational berthing capacity has a negative impact upon manhours needed such that 14.5 units of operational berthing capacity reduce the 1 manhour required. Number of rooms, are in a direct relationship with manhours such that around 29 rooms create a need of extra 1 manhour. Since the probability (F-test) is less than the benchmark cutoff point of 0.05 which constitutes that overall model is good enough. R-squared value is around 0.96 which means that all the independent variables predict the manhours needed by around 96%. In other words, 96% variation in the manhours needed is explained by these seven variables included in the model.If the p-values of each parameter are considered, it can be observed that for variables X1, X3, X4 and X5, the p-values are greater than the cutoff significant level of 0.05, therefore, these parameters are not considered as significant in predicting then manhours needed on individual basis. However, by staying in the overall model, they jointly predict the dependent variable of manhours needed. The other three independent parameters i.e. X2, X6 and X7 are statistically significant to predict the manhours needed as their p-values are less 0.05. The consequence of the results of F-statistics is that F-statistics describes tha t all the parameters jointly have the explanatory power of predicting the dependent variable.

Portfolio of Work Completed in Harbin Bank Term Paper

Portfolio of Work Completed in Harbin Bank - Term Paper Example Additionally, the banker’s magazine of china ranks Harbin bank at position 9 among the companies that trade with assets of more than 80 billion Yuan in the whole country. Harbin bank’s mission statement is â€Å"to create profits to her shareholders, make customers get more value, make the employees have hope in their future and also create wealth to the society†. This is in line with her philosophy of â€Å"inclusive finance and harmoniously getting rich†. Being based in the Northeast of China, Harbin bank is geared to supporting the SME’s and also in creating an international micro credit bank which is renowned. Harbin bank made a wise decision to offer loans to small and medium size enterprises (SME’s) since 2004 and the shifting of the focus to the SME’s has solved the financial problems of the SME’s. Harbin bank’s small loans are classified into four main parts, namely, loans for farmers, loans for small enterprises, loans for personal consumption, and loans for micro-enterprises. According to the banks financial statement, by the end of 2009, the small loan bank balance was 18.933 billion Yuan. This accounted for 60% of the bank’s total credit asset. ... The focus of my work specifically was in issuing of loans to the small and the medium sized enterprises. As part of the orientation to the company and to renaissance myself to the processes in the bank, the manager assigned one of the employees who was knowledgeable and very familiar with the processes of lending of the money to help me with most of the work. After some time, with the assistance I got from her, I got the whole idea and came to learn the whole process of issuing of the loans. This improved the rest of my working days with the bank. The initial step in the process of lending was communication between the customer with the bank. Moreover, the company which needs the money need to have a meeting with the bank for the purpose of sharing information between the bank and the company. The information arrives at a common agreement on the laid down conditions between the two parties. During this process we ask questions concerning the condition of the company. For instance, ho w much they need, their plans for the loan, the number of creditors and the number of the debtors and the collateral they plan to pledge. After analyzing their application and their documents, we give them information on how much the bank is willing and capable of lending them and their required payback amount. If the two parties strike a common ground in the negotiation table then, we ask the company to prepare materials for the bank to process the loan. The documents we always request to be provided are supposed to be original and their copies and they include company ownership documents, licenses of the business, loan application, financial report capital verification report, tax registration certificate among others.

Peoples behavior Essay Example for Free

Peoples behavior Essay Whenever I encounter any person from another culture, I am often struck by how much that person represents and is different from the idea I have of that culture. Particularly if the idea I have of that culture’s person is seen from his perspective. A recent conversation with a student of Japanese ancestry highlighted to me this realization. When I first saw him, I assumed that he would speak English with an accent or with some difficulty. To my surprise, it turned out that he was a native English speaker having been born in the United States. Sharing the experience with a friend, she related to me that one of her acquaintances who was born in Hong Kong who had difficulty with being understood in English because of a difference in accent despite having English as a first language. These incidents are prime examples of how cultural stereotypes. Considering the number of foreign students alone, many universities and other social institutions should be developing the competencies to accommodate their communication and cultural assimilation needs. Like in the article written by Brink Lindsey in 2007 titled The Culture Gap for the Cato Institute, culture, statistically and in practice, is an issue that is asserting itself significantly. Without these measures, many people are liable to have negative experiences associated with cultural difference which can motivate them to be ashamed or defensive about their heritage. Having had my own positive and negative experience in being associated with my culture, I know first hand the need to understand culture on an individual level. It has been very helful too that my recent experience with other cultures has been positive and has allowed me to constructively learn from the experience. Had it been otehrwiese, I can easily see myself to develop negative concepts regarding Japanese or Chinese cultures since I believe in positive reinforcement. More than anything else, communication ad technology is creating new dimensions to cultural exposure and exchange. Many of the stereotypes we have of cultures is being challenged not so much because of changes in these cultures itself. Even more importantly, I realize that my culture influences what I see in other in the same way that other peoples cultural backgrounds influence what they see in me.

Graduation Speech: Its Been Fun :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Hello students, faculty, members of the school board, Superintendent, and parents. When I was first told that I was going to be the speaker for graduation, I was overcome. I was overcome with pride and excitement, as I'm sure we all are today as we close this chapter on our lives, but most of all, I was overcome with a feeling. A feeling that I have fooled you all into electing a Canadian to speak on this very important occasion. (Canadian Accent) I bet about now, you are all finally realizing just what it is you've done, eh? But it's too late, eh? I can't be stopped.... (Drape Canadian flag over top of podium) The rich history of Canada is a very long and interesting one. One that begins in the early years of. ...(Trail off and give a moment of thought)" **remove flag" or better yet have someone do it for you.) Seriously though, after I got over my initial reaction, I realized that this was going to be a very difficult undertaking. So I did what any teen-age boy would do in a similar situation. I turn to my friends! I received two pieces of advice that not only helped me with the situation at hand, but I feel will be the predominant source of motivation for the next big step in my life and everything that follows thereafter. These two pieces of advice were. (Hold up palms with numbers inked on them) No. 1: Don't Screw up! No. 2: Be Funny! Obviously after these two gems of advice, I was prepared to write a stunning and powerful speech that will remain with every one of us till the day we die. Or at least until one of the real speakers come up here and says something meaningful. It's hard to believe that we'll all be leaving this place finally. It is even harder to believe that from now on, we're going to pretty much have to fend for ourselves. I think that whether we know it or not, we've gained a lot of the tools that we'll need to make it out there, right here at Welch. Personally, I've learned some of the most important messages of my life within these hallowed halls. I've learned that it's important to walk the road less traveled, because after a while, running down freshman in the packed hallways just loses some of its appeal.

Compare and Contrast Europe and Africa Essay -- Politics Political Eco

Europe and Africa have been linked together in evaluating the state formation process. Both regions have similarities, strengths, weaknesses, and room for improvement. To this day both regions are far from perfect. Some light can be shed on this subject, by evaluating Europe and Africa’s state formation process, evaluating what party benefits, and briefly explaining two economic consequences of European colonialism in Africa. Problems began for Africa when there was the â€Å"scramble for Africa. Africa was extremely divided throughout the continent. There was no nation intact. Even though they were divided into colonies, they still had no sovereignty. Since they had no form of nationalism it made it impossible to succeed as a nation. This really hurt Africa economically. If they would have been able to come together as a nation they could have pulled all of their assets together and exploit them in order to make money. By not doing this it allowed the government to exploit the people. This is why there are starving people in Africa on television. The states of Africa were created in order to make money by exporting all the various resources, whether it was slaves, minerals, or agriculture. There was much to gain by owning a chunk of land in Africa. This reason being because Africa is so rich in their resources for trade. After the race was over it left Africa severely divided. Africa was divided into a series of seven colonial empires. France and Britain had the... Compare and Contrast Europe and Africa Essay -- Politics Political Eco Europe and Africa have been linked together in evaluating the state formation process. Both regions have similarities, strengths, weaknesses, and room for improvement. To this day both regions are far from perfect. Some light can be shed on this subject, by evaluating Europe and Africa’s state formation process, evaluating what party benefits, and briefly explaining two economic consequences of European colonialism in Africa. Problems began for Africa when there was the â€Å"scramble for Africa. Africa was extremely divided throughout the continent. There was no nation intact. Even though they were divided into colonies, they still had no sovereignty. Since they had no form of nationalism it made it impossible to succeed as a nation. This really hurt Africa economically. If they would have been able to come together as a nation they could have pulled all of their assets together and exploit them in order to make money. By not doing this it allowed the government to exploit the people. This is why there are starving people in Africa on television. The states of Africa were created in order to make money by exporting all the various resources, whether it was slaves, minerals, or agriculture. There was much to gain by owning a chunk of land in Africa. This reason being because Africa is so rich in their resources for trade. After the race was over it left Africa severely divided. Africa was divided into a series of seven colonial empires. France and Britain had the...

Shc 32 1.1

When l arrive to my work place the first thing l do is to make sure the kitchen area is clear from hazards and safe for children to have breakfast. Then I go to the playroom (where l mainly work) and check the room for any unsafe items. Then l put some toys out. (Depending on the children on that day) When the children and parents/carers start arriving l am there to open the door and welcome them in and talk to them and comfort some children if they are unsettled. If there is a few arrivals at the same time l call a member staff for help. write the time they arrive on the register. Once all the children are in l play with them, talk to them and listen to them and make sure that they are happy and safe. The children have snack at mid-morning so my job is helping them with washing/drying their hands and preparing the snack and supervising them when eating. After snack we have play/craft times where l usually work with another member of staff and have fun and explore with the children. I implement the planned activities for that day.Before lunch time l help them with washing their hands for lunch and again supervise them when eating. If there are children that need to sleep after lunch l get the rooms ready and check the rooms and make sure that they are safe. If there is something suspicious/seems unsafe l talk to my manager immediately. When the children are asleep l go into their rooms every 10 minutes and check them if they are fine and write it down on the register so all the staff can see if need to.In the afternoons parents/carers come to pick up their children and l am there to let them in and talk to them about how their child/children has been in the day. (if the parents/carers have got time l like having a nice chat about their children) as l think it is very important that we share things and work together. But if parents/carers don’t have time or can not talk at that time it will be a brief discussion) When all the children have gone l briefly talk to my manager and reflect about how the day was and if there is any messages to pass on from parents/carers.

Crash from a Psychological Perspective Essay Example

Crash from a Psychological Perspective Essay Example Crash from a Psychological Perspective Paper Crash from a Psychological Perspective Paper Essay Topic: Film In the film Crash we are given a picture of all different kinds of social and multicultural differences, giving us an eye opening example of how these conducts and racisms affect our society. Two of the most obvious biases within the film are prejudice and stereotyping. These behaviors are viewed as thoughts and feelings that almost everyone has felt at some point. In the first scene we meet a Muslim man, attempting to buy a gun. The store owner is a Caucasian male that has a negative attitude towards the customer because of his Muslim background. The owners stereotypical feelings set off negative attitudes because of the bad feelings he had about the Muslim race; being immediately associated with the Al Qaeda terrorist group of 9/11. The negative attitude and hostility observed in this particular scene, is an example of prejudice. Although it has always existed in humanity, most would assume it would have fizzled out by the 21st century because we are now better educated and informed in understanding that one groups actions should not be stereotyped to the entire race. Unfortunately in this film, it does the complete opposite and shows our stereotyping by appearance attitude. Crash was made to intentionally show biased prejudices against minorities. Latinos are shown to be gang bangers; for example the depiction of Daniel the locksmith (Michael Pena); the wife of the D. A Jean Cabot (Sandra Bullock) insists on having the locks changed when Daniel leaves as she believes he is a (gang banger, with prison tattoos). Blacks either become gun-toting criminals as Anthony (Chris Ludacris Bridges) and his side- kick Peter Waters (Larenz Tate) are depicted as or are righteous upper class characters such as Cameron (Terrance Howard. Asians become greedy smugglers, and whites oversee this chaos with arrogance and bigotry. This is shown in the depiction of the two white police officers, Officer John Ryan (Matt Dillon) and Officer Tom Hansen (Ryan Phillippe). A more current representation is shown in the character of Farhad (Shaun Toub); Middle Easterners are depicted as stubborn, confused convenience store owners. Toubs character may reflect the current Middle Eastern stereotype caused by the aftermath of 9/11. This current representation is revealed when we see Farhad shoot a gun at a small child, many other guns are raised by characters of ethnic origin, but Farhad who is mistaken for being Iraqi (when he is actually Persian) is the only character to attempt murder. The only character that I believe shows us a true alternative to race negativity is the character of Daniel (Michael Pena). Daniel is mistaken to be a gang member because of his appearance (having a shaved head and prison tattoos) but he the movie then shows him in a more positive light as a father who is working hard to provide and protect his wife and young daughter. The alternative stereotype of an African American is offered in Crash through the characters of Christine and Cameron. Educated, successful and well off African American citizens, however after an unwarranted police stop, Christine is enraged by her husbands refusal to intervene when white cop Ryan takes frisking too far. She criticizes him for what she sees as a cowardly, he insists he acted the only way he could, that when a white man has power there is no way to win, so you do what you can to survive. This is a perfect example of the White Privilege that weve discussed in class. This exploitation of African Americans at the hand of white people would imply that racism is mostly institutional; however the thought behind the movie suggests that discrimination and racist attitudes are down to the people who enable it; for example Officer Ryan verbally abuses Shaniqua (Loretta Devine); a black case manager at an insurance company. She takes Ryans racism with dignity as he unloads his frustration with the insurance companys rules about his fathers care onto her. She seems to be a more reasonable character in the film. However this is short lived, in a key point at the end of the film. Shaniqua has a car crash were an Asian woman rear-ends Shaniquas car. She then emerges from her car shouting dont talk to me unless you speak American. The LAPD is represented by two characters and from two different perspectives. One perspective is from that of Officer Ryan. In contrast to his previous wrong doings, Ryan finds himself at the scene of a car crash where Christine the woman who he previously sexually attacked is in a life threatening situation. Ryan now challenges his previous stereotype and puts his own life in danger to rescue Christine, even after she hysterically rejects his help. Hanson in contrast to Ryan is compassionate and idealistic. Hanson tries to prevent the incident between Officer Ryan and Christine and throughout the film he tries to uphold his morals, he is the character who is most committed to racial justice but unfortunately at the end of the movie Hansons fear defeats justice and he shoots an innocent African American man. Officer Hanson later realizes that he holds a deep-rooted psychological racism within his consciousness; I believe Hanson is a good example of how many of us judge by appearances. As far as personal experience, living in Milwaukee, as a non-African American working at a runaway shelter for 75% African American teens makes it easier to have an insight into all kinds of prejudice and stereotypes within the African American society. After learning about this behavior and experiencing how segregation can really feel for some, its hard to not feel negatively judged by others when you dont belong to the majority group. Ive also realized my own negative biases and stereotypes when I am part of the majority. Unfortunately, prejudice is not just an attitude that internal; it also impacts behavior. When our attitudes show negativity because of differences within people whether its skin color or culture; the result produced is usually discrimination and the social inequality caused by it. Therefore, we in our efforts to reduce prejudice need to take the social context into consideration when focusing on individuals attitudes. The movie Crash illustrates the different points of view of people in our society; it gives us insights into the stereotypes we have developed within our society and around the world. It helps us to understand how such a small stereotype and negative attitude can really affect someone in several diverse ways. We need to learn to control prejudice and the stereotypes we hold against other groups, since these are our own attitudes and feelings that are learned and not innate we can teach ourselves to get rid of these negatives behaviors by not being judgmental and not having negative biases towards others. The key to changing stereotypes and prejudice is the responsibility of us as individuals. Each of us needs to take a better look at the assumptions that we make about other people and ask ourselves where those assumptions come from. Are they based on facts or personal experiences with others? Are your assumptions formed by things you have heard from others? Learned from the TV or media? Learned in school or from parents? Is it likely that some of your negative images are wrong; at least for some people? More often than not, the answer to that last question is likely to be yes. Most groups have moderates and extremists, trying to get to know people as individuals instead of generalizing the whole group will trim down on the stereotypes you hold against others, and it is also likely to reduce the stereotypes others hold of us. On a day-to-day basis we will be faced with reactions; it is how we interpret the situation and our actions in response to those reactions that will shadow our perception of daily life.

Mesopotamian Civilization

Mesopotamian Civilization Introduction The word Mesopotamia is derived from an ancient Greek work, which translates to â€Å"(land) between rivers.† The earliest known usage of the term has been recorded to be in the second century when it was used to refer to the land that sits on the east of the Euphrates River in Syria.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mesopotamian Civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was coined by Anabasis Alexandri. It was not until much later when the name Mesopotamia was used to refer to the whole region that lies between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Mesopotamia lay in what is today known as Syria, Iraq, and Turkey. The region can be further divided into two regions. The Northern Mesopotamia is also referred to as Jezirah and is the land that lies between the two rivers from their sources down to Baghdad (Heine and Nissen 45). The history of the region can be traced to the rise of urban societie s throughout the Ubaid period, which occurred around 5300BC. Mesopotamia can also be found in the history of the Ancient Near East beginning in the lower Paleolithic period. The Ancient Near East is suspected to have collapsed after the arrival of the Achaemenid Empire. This was during the late 6th century and some researchers say it happened during the Conquest of Mesopotamia by the Arabs. Some of the world’s most advanced states in the ancients times can be found in the Mesopotamian region. Mesopotamia is famous for being one of the regions where writing was invented and advanced. The other places include the Nile valley and the Yellow River Valley. The greatest cities that were ever built in Mesopotamia include Nippur, Uruk and Babylon. The other states that lay on the outskirts and territory of Mesopotamia include Ma-aesesblu. Several dynasties were formed in Mesopotamia and included Ur Kingdom, Akkadian Dynasty and the Assyrian Empire. Mesopotamia also saw great leaders emerge from the cities and states.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They included Hammurabi, Sargon and Ashur-Uballit II who was instrumental in setting up the Assyrian Empire (Fiero 110). The history of this great land can be traced through looking at the history of different people who occupied it who included the Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Amorites, the Hitites, the Kassites, the Assyrians, and the Chaldeans (Kramer 75). The Sumerian: They reigned from 3500-1800 B.C. The Sumerians are among the first and earliest civilization in Mesopotamia and are suspected to have built the civilization around 3000 BC when they began building large city-states. Besides running the cities, the natives were involved in conquering and controlling the large areas around them. Some of these city-states included Ur, Lagash, and Eridu. The Sumerians were a warring people and fought amo ng themselves and with other people for control of watering holes. The wars led to people building large city-states which were used later to conquer the smaller ones. When the Sumerians went to war with the Akkadians they eventually lost control of their city-states, which were now being controlled by the Akkadian empire from, Akkad, a city that would later become Babylon. In 2125, the Sumerians residing in the city of Ur fought the Akkadians and took control of the city-states in the southern Mesopotamia region (Kramer 98). One the greatest thing from this period is the invention of writing. The early writing was done through use of pictograms and rough sketches of the words they were supposed to represent. They used to do their writing on wet clay using reeds as the writing instrument and this was effective in storage of information. The Sumerians also invented some of the earliest application of mathematics including abstract mathematics. They are also accredited for being the i nventors of astrology, where they tried to learn about the heaven as they sought answers regarding their gods. The most important creation from the Sumerian is considered to the law. Although not much is known about the Sumerian law scholars are for the opinion that the Code of Hammurabi, which was written by the Babylonian monarch, gives us a peek into how the Sumerian law was like.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mesopotamian Civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Hammurabi code as used in the law exacts that revenge should be used when solving of cases. This is also known as the lex talionis law that governs that that you should reciprocate therefore, an eye for an eye. The law also recognized class distinction and people were judged according to the class they came from. The laws set marked a basis for many of the following Semitic conquerors including the Babylonians and the Assyrians. The Akkadians: they reigned from 2340-2125 B.C. The history of the Akkadians before they conquered the Sumerians is not well known though they are known to have migrated to the North. In the year 2340, the Akkadian built their empire under the leadership of Sargon. The capital city they built, Akkad, was later renamed to Babylon by those who conquered it later. The city was used as a commercial hub in the Mediterranean region and was used for close to 200 years for this purpose. The Akkadian empire under the leadership of Sargon was short lived because in 2125, the Sumerians in the city of Ur revolted against his rule and set pace for the renewal of other Sumerian cities (Heine and Nissen 89). The Amorites reigned from 1800 to1530 B.C. When the Sumeriam kingdom fell, Mesopotamia witnessed many battles that lasted for almost a century until the Amorites grouped and formed a Kingdom that had a centralized form of government. They based the capital of the government in the city of Babylon and this g ives the Amorites the name Old Babylonians (Heine and Nissen 110). The Amorite dynasty lasted from 1900 to 1600 BC and it is referred to as the Old Babylonian period. In this period, the Old Babylonians believed that the monarch was a god and his word was the law. The all-powerful monarch devised new ways of administering the states and the resources. He introduced taxation and involuntary military service. The greatest achievement made by the Amorites was centralization, unlike the Sumerian empire that had many autonomous and independent city-states the Old Babylonian was ruled from Babylon and consisted of several cities.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To achieve control and dominance of these cities the monarch took away the power and autonomy of most of them. The Amorites also adopted the code of Hammurabi and most of the crimes in the empire were punishable by death. The Amorites believed in many gods and took Marduk as the most powerful of all the gods (Somervill 156). The Hitites: they reigned from 1600 to 717 B.C. The Hitites are not known from where they came from but their empire was spread out across Mesopotamia to Palestine and Syria. The invasion of the Hitites marked the end of the Amorite dynasty and like those before them; they adopted the ways and culture of the natives thus continuing the heritage and tradition of the Sumerians. The empire is cited to have been greatest between 1600 and 1200 BC and even during the invasion of by the Assyrians in 1300 BC, most of the Hitites cities grew independently until 717 BC when they were finally occupied by the Assyrians and other enemies. The Hitites were traders and are res ponsible for spreading Mesopotamian law thought, political structure etc to the rest of the Mediterranean (Somervill 162). The Kassites: 1530-1170 B.C. The Hitites were among the most successful Indo-European invaders to conquer Mesopotamia, but their rule did not last long. When the Kassites conquered and controlled Mesopotamia, they renamed the Babylon city to Karanduniash. They set the capital city of their empire in a new city they built known as Dorkurigalzu. During the reign of the empire, the Mesopotamia region witnessed many wars and this attributed to the short life of the Kassites Empire. The Kassites are referred to as barbarians and savages by the Assyrians who would later conquer them (Somervill 82). The Assyrians: Their Reign was from 1170 to 612 B.C. The Assyrians are depicted in most of the history of Mesopotamia as being ruled rather than ruling. They tried to create their own empire under the rule of Shamshi-Adad though this was short lived after the dream was cras hed by Hammurabi. Control of the Assyrian cities over the centuries changed hands from the Assyrians and the southern people. The various times the region was under the rule of the Assyrians includes 1235-1198 BC under Tukulti-Ninurta, 116-1090 BC under Tiglat-Pileser, 883-824 under Ashurnarziparl II and Shalmeneser III who spread the reach of the kingdom to Syria and Babylon. It is also during the reign of this dynasty that saw the Jewish diaspora when Sargon II (721-705 BC), deported the Jews after conquering Israel. The Assyrian empire was built through wars, invasions, and conquests. The empire is accredited with innovation in the mathematics field. They were also the first to apply longitudes and latitude in geographical maps (Somervill 62). The Chaldeans: Also Known As Neo Babylon from reigned from 612 to 539 BC They are the last people who are Semites to rule Mesopotamia after the Assyrian Kingdom fell. After much suffering in the hands of the Assyrians Babylon revolted again st them and they burnt down the capital city of the Assyrian empire Nineveh. The leader of the Babylonians was Nabopolassar and was succeeded by Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BC) who protected his empire from being conquered by the Egyptians and Syria. Under Nebuchadnezzar the capital city Babylon was rebuilt and upon its completion, it was the most splendid city in the Middle East. The whole period the empire was under the Babylonian there were many wars and this resulted to the empire ending in 555 BC after the rule of the empire fell to a king who was loyal to the Assyrians. He defiled Marduk the Babylonian god and this resulted to the priests welcoming the occupation of the region by Cyrus the Conqueror of Persia. This marked the end of the region dominance by the Semites (Heine and Nissen 120). Fiero, Gloria. Landmarks in Humanities. Boston : McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009. Print. Heine, Peter and Nissen, Hans. From Mesopotamia to Iraq: a concise history. The University of Ch icago Press, 2009. Print. Kramer, Samuel. The Sumerians: their history, culture, and character. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963. Print. Somervill, Barbara. Empires of Ancient Mesopotamia: Great Empires of the Past. New York: Chelsea House, 2010. Print.