Child Abuse in America :: Violence Against Children

The effects of shaver ab accustom hindquarters be long lasting or maybe horizontal fatal. The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect estimates that 2.9 million nestlingren are poke fund or neglected by parents or caretakers each social class (Child Abuse Encarta). This fact is very disturbing to the many of us that dont know child maltreatment was this common in the U.S. there are various types of child abuse. Physical abuse, which is deliberate acts of violence that injure or may even kill a child. Sexual abuse occurs when adults use children for their sexual gratification. Emotional abuse is mostly verbal abuse. When the adult puts the children down by affair them names or just screaming at the child for no apparent reason. Another form of child abuse is Physical neglect. This type of abuse involves the parents failure to provide for the childs needs. Among the cases of abuse reported, 52 percent involved strong-arm abuse or ablaze neglect, 24.5 percent involved phy sical abuse, 12.6 percent involved sexual abuse, 4.5 percent involved emotional abuse, and 17.3 percent involved other abuses, such as educational neglect or giving up (Child Abuse Encarta). Many people have difficulty understanding why any person would want to hurt a child. The public frequently assumes that the people that abuse their children suffer from a mental infirmity but fewer than 10 percent of abusers have mental illnesses (Child Abuse Encarta). on that point is more room for abuse in a family when the parents or caretakers are of a young age or just have very teensy-weensy patients. Mature adults that are raising kids tend not to abuse their children because they are able to cope with the demands of their children and the other stresses around them. Child abuse results from a multiform combination on personal, social, and cultural factors. These may be grouped into four primary categories (1) intergenerational transmission of violence, (2) social stress, (3) soci al isolation and low community involvement, and (4) family body structure (Child Abuse Encarta). Interim transmission of violence is displayed when the mistreated children befit disgraceful parents. Some studies have shown that 30 percent of ill-treated children become abusive themselves and others show that most of the abused do not become abusive adults (Child Abuse Britannica). Social stress is a common cause of child abuse in a family. The conditions of social stress admit unemployment, illness, poor housing conditions, a large family, death of a family member or be quiet friend, or maybe even the presence of a impertinent baby or a disabled person in the home.Child Abuse in America Violence Against ChildrenThe effects of child abuse can be long lasting or maybe even fatal. The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect estimates that 2.9 million children are abused or neglected by parents or caretakers each year (Child Abuse Encarta). This fact is very disturbing to the many of us that dont know child abuse was this common in the U.S. There are various types of child abuse. Physical abuse, which is deliberate acts of violence that injure or may even kill a child. Sexual abuse occurs when adults use children for their sexual gratification. Emotional abuse is mostly verbal abuse. When the adult puts the children down by calling them names or just screaming at the child for no apparent reason. Another form of child abuse is Physical neglect. This type of abuse involves the parents failure to provide for the childs needs. Among the cases of abuse reported, 52 percent involved physical abuse or emotional neglect, 24.5 percent involved physical abuse, 12.6 percent involved sexual abuse, 4.5 percent involved emotional abuse, and 17.3 percent involved other abuses, such as educational neglect or abandonment (Child Abuse Encarta). Many people have difficulty understanding why any person would want to hurt a child. The public often assumes that the people that abuse their children suffer from a mental illness but fewer than 10 percent of abusers have mental illnesses (Child Abuse Encarta). There is more room for abuse in a family when the parents or caretakers are of a young age or just have very little patients. Mature adults that are raising kids tend not to abuse their children because they are able to cope with the demands of their children and the other stresses around them. Child abuse results from a complex combination on personal, social, and cultural factors. These may be grouped into four primary categories (1) intergenerational transmission of violence, (2) social stress, (3) social isolation and low community involvement, and (4) family structure (Child Abuse Encarta). Interim transmission of violence is displayed when the abused children become abusive parents. Some studies have shown that 30 percent of abused children become abusive themselves and others show that most of the abused do not become abusive adults (Child A buse Britannica). Social stress is a common cause of child abuse in a family. The conditions of social stress include unemployment, illness, poor housing conditions, a large family, death of a family member or close friend, or maybe even the presence of a new baby or a disabled person in the home.

The Character of Sebastian in Shakespeares Twelfth Night: Essay

The Character of Sebastian in Shakespeares Twelfth Night Sebastians presence in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night or What You Will is a vexation. More pointedly, it is his sudden marriage to Olivia which troubles me so. Was he written in to give a parallel plot line between Olivia and Viola? Was he a convenient way to have a double wedding, which Shakespeare seemed to prefer for his happy endings? Or, could there be some opposite meaning to Sebastian? The last day of the Christmas season is January 6, the feast of the Epiphany, when Christ was revealed to the world in the personage of the Magi. The evening before is called Twelfth Night, the most riotous pass of the year for Elizabethans (Singman 61). Supposedly, the classes changed places for the day. Servants lorded over their masters higher order clergy served the lowly priests children were free of rules. Shakespeare wrote Twelfth Night probably in 1600, and performed it on January 6, 1601 for Queen Elizabeth a nd her guests, one of which was sham Virginio Orsino, Duke of Bracciano (Halliday 154). F. E. Halliday believes it possible that Shakespeare changed the name of the Duke of Illyria to Orsino in tribute to Don Orsino (155). Twelfth Night was based on Barnabe Riches story of Apollonius and Silla. Silla falls in whop with Apollonius and follows him back to Constantinople. She is shipwrecked, and is save by clinging to a chest containing the lecherous captains clothing. For safety, since her servant, Pedro, has drowned, she dons the mens clothing calls herself Silvio after her twin brother and goes into the service of Apollonius. Apollonius asks her to woo Julina for him, but Julina falls in love with Sill... ...tic, Golden Comedies. WORKS CITED Bloom, Harold. Shakespeare The Invention of the Human. New York Riverhead Books-Penguin Putnam, 1998. Halliday, F.E. Shakespeare. New York Thomas Yoseloff, 1961. Riche, Barnabe. Apollonius and Silla. Riche His Farewell to Mi litary Profession. 1581. William Shakespeare Four Comedies. Ed. David Bevington. Toronto Bantam-Scott, Foresman and Company, 1988. 524-546. Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. David Bevington. Toronto Bantam-Scott, Foresman and Company, 1988. 283-377. Twelfth Night. Ed. David Bennington. Toronto Bantam-Scott, Foresman and Company, 1998. 427-517. Singman, Jeffrey L. Daily Life in Elizabethan England. Greenwood Press. Daily Life Through History series. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1995.

Deist Pantheism in Tintern Abbey :: William Wordsworth Poetry

Tintern Abbey typifies William Wordsworths desire to demonstrate what he sees as the oneness of the human psyche with that of the universal sound judgement of the cosmos. It is his pantheistic attempt to unfurl the essence of natures sublime mystery that often evades understanding, marking his progression as a young writer firmly grow within the revolutionary tradition to one caught in perplexity about which way to proceed socially and morally, and further, to define for himself a new personal socio-political vision. Moreover, Tintern Abbey exhibits Wordsworths eclipsing of the Cartesian belief in a supernatural creator who stands beyond the universe, echoing the ideas of Burach Spinoza, and redefining late eighteenth century deism into a more personal, pantheist change of nature. The poems portrayal of the intimate connection with nature implicitly underscores Wordsworths view on conventional religious belief as one surpassing commonly held interpretations of the supernatural. It conveys Wordsworths exaltation of the universe as bound inextricably within the essence of all that is harmonious and natural -- a Oneness. It sympathetically depicts the inseparability of God from nature, the material-spirit of energy that, as Wordsworth portrays it, imbues the brio force with . . . a sense sublime Of something far more deeply interfused, Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns, And the round ocean and the living air, And the blue sky, and in the mind of man A motion and a spirit, that impels All thinking things, all objects of all thought, And rolls through all things. (96-103) In terms of Tintern Abbeys naturalistic exposure of natures interconnection with the universe and humanity, the poem reveals Samuel Taylor Coleridge and John Thelwalls implicit influence upon Wordsworths development as both a writer and naturalist poet. Similar to Wordsworth, for instance, John Thelwall illuminates the radical spur of the human frame a nd other life forms in his scientific prose, such as found in his celebrated medical essay, Towards A explanation of Animal Vitality (1793). Thelwalls cosmic-monism fuses the workings of the human body to the movements of heaven and earth -- a holistic interconnection of the organic to the inorganic. His connection to Wordsworth through Coleridge serves to partially exempt the inherent pantheistic vision in Tintern Abbeys 1798 composition.

HIPAA Act of 1996 :: Health, Health Information

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 made it illegal to gain access to person-to-person medical information for any reasons other than health tutelage delivery, operations, and reimbursements (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 166). HIPAA legislation mandated strict controls on the transfer of personally identifiable health data mingled with two entities, provisions for disclosure of protected information, and criminal penalties for violation (Clayton 2001). HIPAA also has privacy requirements that govern disclosure of patient protected health information (PHI) located in the medical record by physicians, nurses, and other health premeditation providers (Buck, 2011). Always remember conversations about a patients health care or treatment is a violation of HIPAA. All PHI is included in the privacy requirements for example the patients past, present or future animal(prenominal) or mental health or condition the provision of health care to the individual, o r the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care to the individual, and that identifies the individual or for which there is a reasonable basis to believe it can be used to identify the individual (Buck, 2011). Other identifiable health information would be the patients name, address, birth date and Social Security Number (Keomouangchanh, 2011). (Word count 197)There has been some ethical issues surrounding the emergence and use of technology, that would consist of some advancements, such as when in vitro fertilization is applied in medical practice and leads to the production of spare embryos, the moral disbelief is what to do with these embryos (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). As for ethical dilemmas that comes into play with gene mapping of humans, genetic cloning, stem cell research, and others areas of growing interest to scientist (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). Life support technology raises monstrous ethical issues, especially in medical decisions regardin g continuation or cessation of mechanical support, particularly when a patient exists in a permanent vegetive state (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). Health care budgets are limited throughout this world, making it hard for advancements yet even harder to develop the advancements with restraints. Which brings us back to the social, ethical, and legal constraints, commonplace and private insurers face the problem deciding whether or not to cover novel treatments 188. Similarly what was mentioned before the decisions about new reproductive techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection in vitro fertilization (ICSIIVF), new molecular genetics predictive tests for hereditary breast cancer, and the newer drugs such as sildenafil (Viagra) for sexual dysfunction (Giacomini, 2005).

Dream :: essays research papers

When thinking about the video and reflecting on it, I found my reflections very different from those of which I had when I first saw the video. The first term I saw that video was either fourth or fifth grade. I can remember feeling sorry for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. because of the modal value he was treated and that fact that his lifetime was cut short. As Ive grown and matured I believe that Dr. King wouldnt want battalion to feel sorry for him. I feel that MLK knew and believed that his works and his assassination served a greater purpose. He stated in the video that pack who believe in something but dont fight for it are as good as dead because their soul already is. I feel that Dr. King knew that his life was in constant danger and that if or when he would be assassinated that it would only strengthen the cause he was fighting for. To this day, Im unsounded thankful for everything that he did because it is very possible that had it not been for his calm and rational idea s on how to collapse change, we could still contain a country that is divided.I have a dream has so many different meanings that it only matters to the person who is stating the quote. My belief is that Dr. Kings dream was a world that was equal and that people were truly judged on what kind of human being they are instead of being judged on what kind of human being they look like. At the comparable time I think that I have a dream is just that, a dream. No matter how much we teach and try to make our society equal and fair, their will always be some degree of segregation whether it is based on race or not. What is probably most fulfil to MLK is that although we as a society havent met his complete dream, we have made significant strides in improving and moving towards his dream.Dr. Kings pigment idea in my opinion spawns the rest of his key ideas.

Dream :: essays research papers

When thinking about the video and reflecting on it, I prove my reflections very different from those of which I had when I first saw the video. The first time I saw that video was either fourth or fifth part grade. I can remember feeling sorry for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. because of the way he was treated and that fact that his life was cut short. As Ive grown and matured I believe that Dr. King wouldnt want people to feel sorry for him. I feel that MLK knew and believed that his works and his assassination served a greater purpose. He stated in the video that people who believe in something but dont fight for it are as goodish as dead because their soul already is. I feel that Dr. King knew that his life was in constant danger and that if or when he would be kill that it would only strengthen the cause he was fighting for. To this day, Im still thankful for everything that he did because it is very possible that had it not been for his calm and sage ideas on how to make chang e, we could still cook a country that is divided.I have a pipe dream has so many different meanings that it only matters to the somebody who is stating the quote. My belief is that Dr. Kings dream was a world that was equal and that people were truly judged on what kind of human being they are kind of of being judged on what kind of human being they look like. At the same time I think that I have a dream is just that, a dream. No matter how much we teach and try to make our society equal and fair, their will always be some full stop of segregation whether it is based on race or not. What is probably most satisfying to MLK is that although we as a society havent met his complete dream, we have made significant strides in improving and moving towards his dream.Dr. Kings key idea in my opinion spawns the rest of his key ideas.

Precautionary Measures for Genetically Modified Foods Essay

contractableally special (GM) foods, a fairly recent development that came or so from research in genetic engineering, pose a potential threat to human and environmental health. The basis of genetically modifying foods is the transferal of desirable genetic traits of plants to an agricultural crop. Genetic modification creates crops that atomic number 18 resistant to herbicides or do-nothing repel insects. Genetic modification also makes growing crops easier and allows for higher production rates.Anytime genetically altered crops argon consumed by humans, the GM crops should be subjected to rigorous testing to assure that it is undecomposed for human consumption and safe for the environment. When it comes to the environment and human refuge, one cannot be in addition cautious. Some say that further safety testing of GM foods is not necessary because in that respect is no evidence of GM foods being unsafe (Cockburn 2002). The trueness is that the cosmos does not yet trust t hat genetically special foods argon completely safe (Harlander 2002).The only means to convince the state-supported that GM foods are safe and to create a market for GM foods is to perform further safety tests, such as a human study or controlled experiments. I propose that you fund this necessary and fundamental testing to ensure that GM foods are safe for the environment and for human consumption in order to dish create a market for this life-improving product. Genetically modified crops were first commercially introduced in the United States in 1996 and by 2001 24% of the corn, 63% of the soybeans, and 64% of the cotton fiber being grown in the U.S. were genetically modified varieties (Harlander 2002). Through genetic engineering, scientists fetch created varieties of crops that are insect-resistant, virus resistant, and herbicide tolerant. These qualities allow for im depictd yield and trim down use of potentially dangerous pesticides, as well as improved weed control le ssen crop injury, reduction in foreign matter, reduced fuel use, and significant reduction in soil erosion. All of these consequences seem to be beneficial for the human race and the environment.It is important to prove to the public that GM foods are safe so that such a beneficial technology ordain not be under-utilized. In the United States, three government agencies are involved in the approval of genetically modified crops. These three agencies are the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U. S. Department of agribusiness (USDA) (Harlander 2002). These agencies are responsible for ensuring that the GM crops are safe for the environment and for human consumption.More specifically, the USDA ensures that the GM crops are safe to grow, the EPA makes sure that the GM crops are safe for the environment, and the FDA ensures that the products are safe to eat (Harlander 2002). The three agencies put the genetically modified crops through rigorous environmental and food safety assessments before they can be commercialized. However, Susan Harlander reminds the scientific community an effective food safety evaluation system minimizes risk, but it is important to remember that food is not inherently safe (2002).Tampering with the genetics of a crop increases the possibility of that crop being dangerous to the environment or to human health. Bettie Sue Masters, PhD, states, All evidence to project indicates that some(prenominal) breeding technique that alters a plant or animal, whether by genetic engineering or other methods, has the potential to create unintended changes in the quality or amounts of food components that could harm health (qtd. in Panasevich 2004). It is highly likely that this lack of inherent safety is a reason why the public is so cautious about the acceptance of GM foods.The key to diminishing the publics tending of GM foods is to extend the safety evaluation process. Consumers arrive two main co ncerns about genetically modified foods first, that GM foods are unsafe to eat and second, that their cultivation will harm the environment (Gasson 2001). Currently the to the highest degree widely used safety evaluation process is called substantial equivalence. Michael Gasson and Derek Burke discuss substantial equivalence Substantial equivalence recognizes the fact that conventional foods have been eaten by many people over a long period of time and have an established and accepted level of safety.Genetic modification involves the gateway of a limited amount of change and substantial equivalence uses a comparative approach to reveal both intended and unintended differences between a genetically modified (GM) food and its conventional counterpart. (Gasson 2002) If the genetically modified food is substantially equivalent to, or similar to, its conventional counterpart, and then it is for the most part regarded as safe. Thus far substantial equivalence has been effective, but a s genetically modified foods become much and more complex there is no guarantee that this method will continue its success.More in-depth testing is required to ensure the safety of future GM foods. Genetically modified crops should be tried on living subjects in addition to applying the substantial equivalence method. Animals or human volunteers are essential in proving the safety of the genetically modified crops already approved by the FDA, EPA, and USDA, in addition to the GM crops to be introduced in the future. The risk of harm to a living being would be low as the GM food would have already passed the substantial equivalence test before being consumed.Long term testing would be able to prove that there are no mal-effects resulting from the consumption of GM foods. While long term testing may seem unappealing, it is a small price to wage for improving the quality of life for a nation. The publics concern extends beyond the effects of GM crops after human consumption all the way to GM crops effects on the environment. Many environmentalists as well as non-affiliated persons think that genetically modified crops have a negative effect on the environment.Traits meant only for agricultural crops can be transferred to other plants through pollination traits, like being herbicide tolerant or virus-resistant, which would diminish natural and colored checks and balances on plants (Guebert 2004). The best way to ensure that the GM crops will not harm the environment is to perform experiments and further safety assessments. Convincing the public that genetically modified crops are safe for the environment is pivotal towards creating a market for GM foods and in turn improving quality of life.The testing and assessing of the safety of GM foods that I propose will be divided into two categories the safety of genetically modified crops for the environment and the safety of GM foods for human consumption. The testing of the safety of GM crops for the environment mu st be performed under controlled conditions. Our testing will take place in a greenhouse, where any negative effects will be contained and kept away from the environment.All genetically modified crops would be tested for two factors whether or not the trait is likely to be passed on to other plants and what nutrients in the soil the GM crop depletes and how fast it does so. These two factors are essential in proving the safety of genetically modified crops for the environment. If a GM crop passed traits, such as herbicide tolerance or virus-resistance, on to other plant species, it could potentially change the ability of that species to survive and thrive and process havoc on the delicate balance of the ecosystem.This risk of upsetting the ecosystem frightens would-be GM food consumers from supporting the industry. In order to test the ability of the genetically modified crop to pass on its genes to another species of plant, it would be planted for two growing seasons in the presen ce of varying plant species found approximately the agricultural United States. The soil will be tested for nutrients before and after each growing season in order to keep principal of the nutrient depletion rate. Any genetically modified crop that depleted the soil of essential nutrients at an abnormally fast rate would be rejected.A genetically modified crops failure to pass any of the tests or assessments would not be approved, thereby leaving no reason for the public to fear for the safety of the environment on account of the GM foods on the market. To test the safety of GM foods for human consumption, a comparative study must be performed. In order for the study to be effective and result in usable data, several hundred human volunteers will need to participate. The volunteers will be divided into two groupings. The first group will be asked to incorporate a specific genetically modified food into their everyday diet.The second group will be asked to incorporate the conventi onal counterpart of the same GM food into their diet. The study will last for 2 months with the participants receiving weekly physicals to check for any changes in health. A change in negative change in health in a number participant from group one, the group consuming a GM food, would indicate that the genetically modified food is playing a role in the deterioration. The GM food in question would then either be taken off of the market or subjected to further testing, depending on the extent of the data acquired from the study.With this study in place, consumers would feel much more comfortable purchasing, and creating a market for, genetically modified foods. By proving that genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption and for the environment, we are proving to the public that there is no cause for fear. In the absence of fear, consumers will no longer object to buying GM foods resulting in a market for genetically modified foods. The increase in demand for GM foods w ill result in more research and development and bring advances in GM technology.Genetically modified foods have the potential to improve the quality of life of people all over the world, and it would be a shame to let this technology go to waste. If you ready us this grant, there will be numerous benefits that can come from our work out. Please consider the well-being of the people that will be helped by our work while you are making your decision. Thank you. Works Cited Cockburn A. Assuring the safety of genetically modified (GM) foods the importance of an holistic, integrative approach. J Biotechnol.2002 98 (1) 79-106. Harlander SK. Safety assessments and public concern for genetically modified food products the American view. Toxicol Pathol. 2002 30 (1) 132-134. Gasson M, Burke D. Scientific perspectives on regulating the safety of genetically modified foods. Nat Rev Genet. 2001 2 (3) 217-222. Guebert A, Cousins D. Welcome to the world of unintended consequences. Farmers Weekly 2004 141 (9) 64. Panasevich CL. Risk assessment urged for genetically modified foods. Nations Health. 2004 34 (7) 25.

Marketing Management: Assignment Questions Essay

Q.2 Conduct a SWOT analysis for any one automobile brand of your choice. How willing this analysis help in planning marketing strategies for the brand?Q.3 condone in brief the mould involved in personal selling.Q.4 spot the stages of stage trade buying function.Q.5 Why is rural market important? What should marketers keep in mind when catering to this market?Q.6 Explain the core concepts of marketing. draw service and apologize its relevance in modern societyMaster of Business Administ dimensionn MBA Semester 2MB0046 Marketing Management 4 Credits assignment Set- 2 (60 Marks) peak Each motility carries 10 Marks. Answer alone the questions. Q.1 Explain the various step involved in the design of a distribution channel.Q.2 Will the price and product policy of a multinational firm be antithetic in a developed and an underdeveloped country? Justify your answer.Q.3 Explain the consumer finality making processQ.4 What is integrated marketing communication? Explain the inte gration marketing communication development process.Q.5 Explain the types of advertisements and characteristics of major media.Q.6 What are the advantages of branding? What economic take account does the organisation and customers get erupt of the branding process?MB0045_MBA_Sem2_Fall/August 2012Master of Business court MBA Semester 2MB0045 Financial Management 4 Credits assigning Set- 1 (60 Marks) furrow Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q.1 Considering the future(a) information, what is the price of the share as per Gordons Model?Details of the connection Net sales Rs.120 lakhs Net profit margin 12.5% Outstanding preference shares Rs.50 lakhs 12% dividend No. of equity shares 25, 000 Cost of equity shares 12% Retention ratio 40% Rate of interest (ROI) 16% Q.2 attempt the components of working capital & also explain the concepts of working capital.Q.3 Internal capital rationing is used by firms for exercising financial control. How does a firm achieve this?Q.4 What are the objectives of working capital management? Briefly explain the various elements of operating cycle.Q.5 Define risk. Examine the need for assessing the risks in a project.Q.6 Briefly examine the significance of identification of investment opportunities in capital budgeting process MB0045_MBA_Sem2_Fall/August 2012 Master of Business Administration MBA Semester 2 MB0045 FinancialManagement 4 Credits assigning Set- 2 (60 Marks)Note Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q.1 Examine the reasons for prop inventories by a firm & also discuss the techniques of inventory control.Q.2 a.) A bond of Rs. 1000 value carries a coupon rate of 10% and has a maturity period of 6 years. Interest is payable semi-annually. If the required rate of return is 12%, calculate the value of the bond. ( 5marks)b.) A bond whose par value is Rs. 500 bearing a coupon rate of 10% and has a maturity of 3 years. The required rate of return is 8%. What should be the price of the bond? ( 5marks)Q.3 Examine the features & evaluation of ratiocination-tree approaches. Q.4 If the EPS is Rs.5, dividend pay-out ratio is 50%, cost of equity is 20% and growth rate in the ROI is 15%. What is the value of the stock as per Gordons Dividend Equalisation Model? Q.5 Critically examine the pay-back period as a technique of approval of projects. Q.6 Two companies are identical in all aspects except in the debt-equity profile. Company X has 14% debentures worth Rs. 25,00,000 whereas company Y does not have any debt. Both companies earn 20% in the beginning interest and taxes on their total assets of Rs. 50,00,000. Assuming a tax rate of 40% and cost of equity capital to be 22%, find out the value of the companies X and Y using NOI approach.MB0044_MBA_Sem2_Fall/August 2012Master of Business Administration MBA Semester 2MB0044 Productions & operations Management- 4 CreditsAssignment Set- 1 (60 Marks)Note Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions .Q.1 What do you view by Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)?Q.2 Explain briefly the four classification of scheduling strategies & its approaches.Q.3 Define production management. What are the various functions involved in production management?Q.4 Explain the various phases in project management life cycle.Q.5 Explain the ingredients of a business process. Explain Physical Modelling.Q.6 Define the term quality. Explain the concept of quality at source. MB0044_MBA_Sem2_Fall/August 2012Master of Business Administration MBA Semester 2MB0044 Productions & operations Management 4 CreditsAssignment Set- 2 (60 Marks)Note Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions.Q.1 What is value engineering? Explain the steps involved in Value analysis.Q.2 Describe dimensions of quality. Which are the quality control tools?Q.3 What are the objectives of layout? Explain the classification of layouts.Q.4 List the benefits of forecasting. Discuss the role of forecasting in modern business con text.Q.5 Mention the significance of plant location decision. Explain the location decision sequence.Q.6 What is meant by business process? Explain logical process modelling?MB0049_MBA_Sem2_Fall/August 2012Master of Business Administration MBA Semester 2MB0049 Project Management 4 CreditsAssignment Set- 1 (60 Marks)Note Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions.Q.1 Define Project Management Information Software. Discuss the various steps of PMIS planning.Q.2 Explain procurement process . What are the describe steps involved in purchase cycle?Q.3 Define project-type organisation and discuss it in detailQ.4 Define value engineering. Discuss the scope of applying VE in project.Q.5 Define project management, resource, process, and project cycle. Why is project management important?Q.6 What are the key steps included in risk management process? What are the strategies used to reduce risk? MB0049_MBA_Sem2_Fall/August 2012Master of Business Administration MBA Semester 2 MB0049 Project Management 4 CreditsAssignment Set- 2 (60 Marks)Note Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions.Q.1 Define occupation, event, and path as used in network development. What is a dummy activity? Describe the CPM model.Q.2 Discuss the advantages of using PM software package. What are the common features available in PM software packages?Q.3 Define risk management. What are the different types of risks that can affect a project?Q.4 What are the roles and responsibilities of project leader? Describe the leadership styles for project managers.Q.5 Explain the life cycle of a project. Describe the various phases of project management life cycle.Q.6 What is project control? Discuss the various elements of project control.MB0048_MBA_Sem2_Fall/August 2012Master of Business Administration MBA Semester 2MB0048 Operations Research- 4 CreditsAssignment Set- 1 (60 Marks)Note Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions.Q.1 Maximise z = 31 + 42Subject to constrains 51 + 42 20031 + 52 15051 + 42 10081 + 42 80,x1 0, x2 0Q.2 State the ways in which customers in a queue are served.Q.3 Explain the use of simulation in networks? What are the advantages of using simulation?Q.4 Explain maximin-minimax principle. Briefly describe the characteristics of competitive gameQ.5 A project has 10 activities. The following table shows the information about the activities.Table 14.5 Activities Preceding activity Duration in weeks information Activity A 6 B 3 C A 5 D A 4 E A 3 F C 3 G D 5 H B, D, E 5 I H 2 J I, G, F 3 Draw the network Find the project duration Identify the CPM adjust the scheduleQ.6 Discuss different types of service systems?Aug/Fall drive 2012Master of Business Administration MBA Semester IIMB0047 Management Information Systems 4 Credits(Book ID B1136)Assignment Set- 1 (60 Marks)Marks-60Attempt each question. Each question carries 10 marks1. What is MIS? Define the characteristics of MIS? What are the basic Functi ons of MIS? Give some Disadvantage of MIS? 2. Explain association based system? Explain DSS and OLAP with example? 3. What are Value Chain Analysis & describe its significance in MIS? Explain what is meant by BPR? What is its significance? How entropy warehousing & Data Mining is useful in terms of MIS? 4. Explain DFD & Data Dictionary? Explain in detail how the information requirement is heady for an brass section? 5. What is ERP? Explain its existence before and its future after? What are the advantages & Disadvantages of ERP? What is Artificial Intelligence? How is it different from Neural Networks? 6. Distinguish between closed decision making system & open decision making system? What is What if analysis? Why is more time spend in hassle analysis & problem definition as compared to the time spends on decision analysis? Aug/Fall drive 2012Master of Business Administration MBA Semester IIMB0047 Management Information Systems 4 Credits(Book ID B1136)Assignment Set- 2 (60 Marks)Marks-60Attempt each question. Each question carries 10 marks1. How hardware & software support in various MIS activities of the organization? Explain the transaction stages from manual system to automated systems? 2. Explain the various behavioral factors of management organization? As per Porter, how can performance of individual corporations be determined? 3. Compare various types of development aspect of Information System? Explain the various stages of SDLC? 4. Compare & Contrast E-enterprise business model with traditional business organization model? Explain how in E-enterprise manager role & responsibilities are changed? Explain how manager is a knowledge worker in E-enterprise? 5. What do you understand by service level Agreements (SLAs)? Why are they needed? What is the role of CIO in drafting these? Explain the various security hazards faced by an IS? 6. courtship Study Information system in a restaurant.MB0048_MBA_Sem2_Fall/August 2012 Master of Business Administ ration MBA Semester 2 MB0048 Operations Research 4 CreditsAssignment Set- 2 (60 Marks)Note Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q.1 Explain project management (PERT) & Project scheduling of PERT.Q.2 keep open a before long note on Monte-Carlo simulation? What are the Limitations of using Simulation?Q.3 In a rectangular game, pay-off matrix of player A is as follows i) Solve the game.ii) Write down the pay-off matrix of B and then, solve the game.Q.4 A marketing manager has 5 salesmen and 5 sales districts. Considering the capabilities of the salesman and the nature of districts, the marketing manager estimates that the sales per calendar month (in hundred rupees) for each salesman in each district would be as follows.

Changes in the Marketing Environment Essay

In recent times, from an economic environment perspective, people are getting more affluent, even in third man countries corresponding Vietnam, the younger generation are more interested in spending on the latest fashion and gadgets, same(p) iPods. Phone marketers efficiency call for to include call in designs which allow for self-expression, hence catering to the younger people seeking to carve out their own identity. For example, young girls in Japan like to stick many shiny crystals on their phones as they see it as a form of beautiful art. Phone marketers commode cash in on this growing trend by offering phones which have sufficient surfaces for crystal gluing, and they might want to also consider having a tie-up with a suitable bead company in order to have a package selling the crystals together with the phones. An important marketing strategy in catering to the changing political environment would be cause-marketing. It is by cause-marketing that phone marketers can r eassure the public that they are socially responsible, even in the midst of increasing unethical behaviour existing in society. Cause marketing might be the determining factor which might set a phone or a brand of phones apart, especially if customers have the same perception of 2 brands of phones and are undecided which to choose.Phone marketers can follow Motorolas lead whereby they produced a rubicund razr phone to promote awareness of aids, which was highly successful. Another important marketing strategy is for the marketer to observe the changing demographic forces and decide which target meeting they can focus on in order to make the most profits. Quite a few countries in the world are facing an senescent population, like Japan, China and Singapore. This might be a good target market to go into, by manufacturing phones which are suited for older people like by having larger screens and more user-friendly buttons. Technological forces are invariably changing, and a good ma rketer would be able to foresee what kinds of functions people might want in their phones. Marketers might want to research about what form of entertainment is capturing people and cater to these needs.Sony Ericsson realised that music was slowly becoming an implicit in(p) part of peoples lives, no matter what age and produced the walkman phone series which was highly popular. The path to success and its maintenance depends very much on a phone marketers resellers and suppliers, hence phone marketers should engage in tie-ups with them both. A phone marketers resellers normally consist of telecommunications companies.Marketers can offer to sell their phones at a lower price to these companies, and in exchange, persuade them to offer more attractive or cheaper line subscription packages when customers purchase the phones of the marketers. Marketers should constantly source for more efficient and cheaper suppliers and sign a long-term contract with them. Marketers might also want to c onsider suppliers based in China or India, as labour in such countries is known to be one of the cheapest, yet efficient, in the world.Lastly, marketers should always keep an eye out for competition and continually check on other phone marketers strategies and phone pricing. Marketers should also be aware that competition not only lies with other phone marketers, but in any company that has to do with providing entertainment or convenience to people. For example, Apple is not a phone manufacturer, but it is beginning to slowly capture the phone market due to its iPhone. Phone marketers might want to produce phones which have the capability to rival such phones, or if they are unable to do so run a major advertisement campaign to promote their phones against other rival phones, so as to hopefully mould the publics thinking into their liking. Alternatively, phone marketers can also liaise with major entertainment companies like Apple or Creative to work together to produce quality ph ones or gadgets to capture a major share of the phone market.

China’s Relations with African Countries: Strategic Perspective (Case of Madagascar)

Communication University of mainland mainland china 2012-2013 Academic Year 1st Semester Course MEDIA IN CHINA pic TOPIC CHINAS RELATIONS WITH African COUNTRIES STRATEGIC linear perspective (CASE OF MADAGASCAR) STU. NAME RANDRIANASOLO Fenolanto Salome STU. NO. CLASS SCHOOL LECTUERER PROFESSOR LUO QING GRADE Master CHINAS RELATIONS WITH AFRICAN COUNTRIES STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE (CASE OF MADAGASCAR) INTRODUCTION In recent decades, while mainland China can ignore other countries, other countries cannot ignore China.It is beginning to play an increasingly important habit in galore(postnominal) aras such as economics, political, and socio-cultural. This is a great new rising power at the beginning of the 21st century. This explosive growth of China has generated significant debates among policymakers, scholars and business leaders on a number of take aims. China is now building congressships in several countries especially in Africa. There stool been a number of contacts between Chi na and African states in recent decades. This paper seeks to understand this recent shift in Chinas relation with African countries such as Madagascar.Historical Background In 1955 29 African and Asian states create the Third world to strengthen its base in Africa and Asia Since mid-sixties . The Chinese leader Mao supported the African independences. China supports the ambassadors of the emerging countries against Western interference in their internal affairs at the United Nations. In 1978 Deng Xiaoping decided to open the Chinese economy by establishing a new form of socialism Since the 1990 African economies have opened up for the Asian powers including China China becomes the spokesperson for erupting countries within the WTO (world trade organization)Partnership China-Madagascar China has become increasingly active on the African continent in recent old age and this activity has drawn the attention of scholars and journalists, among others. Diplomatic Relations Madagascar an d China established diplomatic relations November 6, 1972 and bilateral relations between the two countries continue to consolidate, develop and to strengthen since. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1972, their relationship and cooperation in the economic, commercial and various grow without ceasing.In recent classs, the leaders of twain countries attach great importance the development of relations and exchanges of high-level increase, which gives great impetus to the rapid development of bilateral relations of friendship and Malagasy cooperation. The Minister of unusual Affairs established the first diplomatic relations between China and Madagascar during the transition (1972-1975) The celebration of the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relationship between China and Madagascar held on 6th November 2012.Several high Malagasy personalities visited China since the 1990s such as the President of the Republic Albert ZAFY in 1994 Madagascar President Marc RAVALOMANANA arrived in Beijing in 2008. During the up-to-date transitional period, Ambassador of China Shen Yongxiang has presented his credentials to the Head of State Andrinirina RAJOELINA. Several high Chinese leaders such as the President of the discipline mints Congress Chen Muhua the Second Prime Minister Jiang Chungun and the Vice President of the Republic Hu Jintao was visited Madagascar.Economic Relations If Chinas economic weight is felt in African countries, in particular Madagascar by its commercial dynamism, the country begins to be an investor not negligible. Since 2005, the partnership agreements between Madagascar and China have continued to increase. For example, the establishment of a cement factory, the construction of a large 5 star hotel by a Chinese group, the future construction of a hospital. And even well before the year 2005, investment in China has already had its place in the economy, be it in the industry trade.China is the largest pa rtner of Madagascar in damage of imports 95% of products from Madagascar pull in from the Chinese treatment tariff exemption The agreement of economic and technical cooperation between China and Madagascar was signed in 2006. Several Chinese companies investing in Madagascar in the infrastructure, energy, the exploitation of oil and raw materials. Bilateral cooperation in the economic and commercial widens constantly rapidly increasing bilateral trade, investment activates theday and exchanges in cultural, educational and human intensify.The consultations between the two countries in international affairs reinforce more. Cultural Relation During 40 years of partnership, China has provided more than 350 scholarships and has skilful more than 860 government officials and journalist. CONFUCIUS Institutes were established in three provinces of the Big Island. Impact and perspective The Chinese presence opens a new perspective for developing countries and it presents many more choices i n terms of policy and developing model. It allows exploitation of natural resources with higher tolls of raw materials and facilitates access to international aid.It promotes the diversification of investment, a new liveliness based on the expression win-win more attractive. Chinas growth is pushing up global demand and thereforethe price of commodities exported by African countries. In addition, China has become the main partner of several African countries it provides cheaper manufactured goods and reduces their dependence on their ways traditional trading partners. In the case of Madagascar, the local commercialise is still underdeveloped in that 20% of the population live in urban areas and in this context, the abundance of Chinese products (food, textiles, toys, shoes, appliances, Markets Local penalizes local industries to the extent that the price of Chinese products is well below the bell of local industries and supply is abundant. The competitiveness of local industrie s is low compared to the value of a product Chinese including textiles and food products. In the pileus Antananarivo, expansion and Chinese domination can be analyzed via the rapid development of a shopping center Behoririka (name of district) in the middle Capital in the image of Chinatown. Added to this is the development of restorations.However, these imports improve the well-being of people in that price consumer goods from China are within the powers of purchases population. The development of these businesses creates jobs but the salary level remains insufficient compared to the level of wages in the private sector in Madagascar. Chinese competition also exerts downward pressure on the cost of investment. Chinese equipment (transport, agriculture) is very cheap an alternative to higher quality goods. However, the lifetime of the equipment is not long compared to the same type of equipment from Europe.Chinese growth will boost African exports but will also increase volatility. China opened its market by treating preferential tariff least developed countries, but this has not just been impacted on African exports. In the case of Madagascar, export to the China is still insufficient compared to the values of imports and has been a decade. This increases the trade deficit Malagasy and may debase the external reserves note of the Central Bank of Madagascar. If Europe the main export destination from Madagascar, China still relatively low and represents 2. 2%.In terms of trade between China and Madagascar, relationships become increasingly important during the last decade. Current trends regional trade showed a significant increase and the value of round-the-clock imports from China, and a modest increase in export exports Madagascar to China. Changes in imports and exports of Madagascar with China do not evolve at the same rate, resulting in an imbalance of trade. The exchanges are obviously in favor of China. CONCLUSION In short cooperation with China is mutually beneficial and China has promoted the cultural development in Madagascar.Projects underway in Madagascar, which involve Chinese aid, are also very visible. In terms of foreign direct investment, the weight of Chinese investors is not negligible and is around 10%. The majority of Chinese capital from Hong Kong. Chinese companies are among the providers of jobs in Madagascar. If the elaboration of France in the capital is very dominant in Madagascar, Chinas participation has increased by 0. 8% to 10. 9% over the same period and has a negative influence on the situation in France.This attests to the strengthening of the position China and offset somewhat the impact of French colonization of the current situation. The friendly cooperation in the field of education, health and trade, have borne remarkable fruit. We think that with the pattern of mutual benefit, cooperation between China and Madagascar will have a bright future. REFERENCES http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/world- africa-13864364 http//www. irinnews. org/Madagascar http//www. state. gov/p/af/ci/ma/ single file///F/feed%20back%20de%2040%20ans. htm file///F/CCTV%20mirrroir%20d%20afrik%20frappe%20chinoise. htm file///F/mada%20chine%202. htm http//www. xinhuanet. com/english/home. htm Perspectives economiques en Afrique. OCDE. 2006 Plan cadre des Nations Unies pour lassistance au developpement (UNDAF) Madagascar 2008-2011. Systeme des Nations Unies. Juin 2007 Rapport National sur le Developpement Humain Madagascar 2006 Les technologies de linformation et de la communication et developpement humain. PNUD. Avril 2007 Les echanges entre la Chine et LAfrique Situation actuelle, perspectives et sources pour lanalyse , Jean Raphael Chaponniere, STATECO N100, 2006.

A review of McGregors X and Y

surmisal X doer industrial plant with a supposition Y pr diddleiseer or a Theory X role player hits with a guess Y manager (vise versa) for disturb one and only(a) of them have an effect on the other, or will things stay the same? Introduction divinity fudge created everything essentially In this world to work. God asked Adam to mend his garden, asked Noah to build the ark he created animals to be hunters and gatherers as there Job to survive in this world. Thousands of age later it is still a very natural thing for multitude to work. Humans still naturally wake with the full intent to apply their livelihood to both(prenominal)thing.It does non have to be the bonnie monotonous daily, but work o humans Is as natural as flying Is to a bird. However, having the natural ability to work does not mean that there ar not lazy or hard working hoi polloi there are two distinctive types of workers, an X worker and a worker. An X worker is typically a lazy worker, one who loathes work and will do boththing to avoid any obligations or duties. X workers also must be controlled, and given direction in order for them to achieve a performance goal for the day.A Y worker is typically self-directed, they learn to attendk and accept responsibility, and have high potential for the work force though both are still Intended to work. in that location are also two different types of productivity is essential and getting the most work or productivity out of the day. Style is the participative get word. Employees will do the work they have to do with out existence told what to do and when to do it. The two theories test the performance experience of employees.If Theory X is represented by worker A who is a bad worker, always late to work, and does an unacceptable work, one toilet naturally assume that they hate their Job situation or are lazy. If Theory is represented by worker B who is a make reveal worker, never has to be told what to do, shows up on clipping ND does an salient(ip) Job around the office, then one can assume that they love their work and would be willing to do anything for their place of business, but if a assertable action Y manager (vise versa), will one of them have an effect on the other, or will things stay the same?Not everybody is influenced by someone, although people will do what they want considering, human nature is to follow by example almost like a goldbrick see monkey do. Literature check out In the sasss, Theorist Douglas, McGregor examined theories to study performance of individuals interactions and work style between workers at the work place. He designed it with the idea that a workers performance proficiency is based on motivation and social behavior. McGregor Theory X and Theory Y were the foundation of the Human Side of Enterprise (Cunningham).Theory X is based on three core assumptions. One, The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if at all possible, T wo, Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, and threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort toward the achievement of equines objectives versus Just personal objectives, and three, the average person prefers to directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively precise ambition and wants security above all else (Cunningham).According to Organization Theory However, in situations where it is possible to obtain commitment to objectives, it is better to explain the matter fully so that employees grasp the purpose of an action. They will then exert self-direction and manage to do better work preferably possibly by better than if they had only been carrying out and order, which they did not fully, understand.Once control becomes persuaded that it is underestimating the potential of its human resources, and accepts the knowledge given by social science researchers and displayed by Theory Y assumptions, then it can invest time, money and effort in developing rectifyd applications of the theory. McGregor realizes that some of the theories he has put forward are unrealizable in practice, but wants managers to put into operations the basic assumption that staff will contribute to a greater extent to the organization if they are treated as responsible and valued employees (McGregor).McGregor believed Theory X individuals wanted to learn that work was a very natural thing, despite their lazy perspective they wanted to improve self-discipline and self- growth. McGregor believed Theory X employees saw their work as the freedom to rise and do tough and challenging work by themselves. The managers Job was to try and unite the workers and make them strive for self-development in the business and Theory Y was difficult to enforce in a factory setting or in big warehouse areas. Patricia Travis express, Theory Y according to McGregor was conducive to participative problem solvi ng.He believed it was better to describe in full the task or topic at hand so that employees grasped the purpose(Travis). Theory Y employees would show self-direction and self-control and honestly wanted to do better work and would do better work if they were to do a Job that they understood completely compared to a Job they did not fully understand. Managers found that the participative approach to problem solving showed much better results over the authoritarian order of controlling their employees and constantly nagging them. According to James Nellie who wrote in the Journal of Social Behavior andPersonality Theory X and Theory Y workers did not differ in their perception of the scenarios. However, additional analysis revealed that Theory X and Theory Y workers differed significantly in their perceptions of the military strength of the unethical behaviors portrayed in some of the scenarios (301-311). The workers would understand the idea of the Job that was needed to be done b ut would not fully follow by one hundred percent on how the Job needed to be done. Sometimes it all just depends on how the manger relays the message to the worker and how the worker perceives it.Theory X and Theory Y style management have been a great practice to develop positive management styles and techniques. In the earlier historic period especially in the first few decades of the 20th century Theory X was dominating the business world and was the lead style to the mechanistic dodge of scientific management. Tim Handle wrote in the Guide to Management Ideas and Gurus that, Theory X is an authoritarian style where the emphasis is on productivity, on the concept of a uninfected days work, on the evils of feather-bedding and restriction of output, on rewards for performance (2003). Several managers are persuaded by the TheoryX style but usually receives negative effects. McGregor questioned that management style and decision-making depended on which type of theory worked on t heir team. McGregor calls the management X theory the stick and carrot method of management. Managers would have to police their staff, and the workers would need to be pressured, scared and disciplined. This created a very frustrating and dark work environment for the managers and the workers. Theory Y assumes that people will exercise self-direction and self-control and will do everything on their own and will finish a Job with out being bribed or threatened.According to Business Destination Theory Y states employees actually become much productive when more trust and responsibility is delegated to them (2012). Y workers want to work, they want to be productive, and the act of accomplishing work and doing it well is a motivator. Y managers go with the stream and Just allow the workers to work. The Y theory stance is in a unique position it has heightened awareness of management responsibilities for employer-employee relationships. McGregor urged galore(postnominal) companies to try and use the Theory Y design or adopt it.McGregor believed it could titivated human beings and bring out their highest potential and help them achieve bigger goals. Theory X only satisfied a large number of the lower level needs and was nowhere near as productive. As stated before, Theory X expresses distrust in employees who are only working for money, or who try to get away by doing as little paycheck and you most certainly can not always be looking over the shoulder of the employees to make sure they are doing there Job correctly. Theory Y employees are almost the conceive of employee for a manager.Theory Y employees want to work towards a common goal, and they are able to organize themselves. As a manager those are the workers that you want, the ones that you do not have to coddle sit. These studies have shown that there is not one perfect approach to managing a X or Y worker. But from the research one can decide the vanquish method all depends on the nature of the work to be done (Harvard Business Review). After significant research and amass data research has revealed that companies with highly expected tasks will perform better with dignified procedures.With uncertain tasks that require much brain use and problem solving, businesses that are not as organized and do to put a great deal of emphasize on self-discipline and self worth struggle to get the job done. But over all, it all depends on the development of the company and the business that fits the nature of the Job that needs to be done. A workers performance can be dependent on a workers environment or surroundings. A Theory X worker will apply themselves a fraction more and work a little harder if they are in the right conditions of hard working individuals. (Vise Versa) for the Y worker.If a Y worker is in an atmosphere of sluggish, not really wanting to work people they can potentially follow in those footprints. It is human nature to follow by example. This is why leadership is necess ary. leading needs to take a stand to help fix and figure out problems a team whitethorn have. If a manager has three X workers and eight Y workers then the manager knowing that there is an impact on one worker from another should find a way to immix the works to keep them on and track hard working. If the X worker, works with the Y worker long enough eventually there should be some improvements.And of course this goes the other way as well, but a company wants the best results not the worst. So a company should not have their best errors, working with the worst workers. Methodology Twenty Graduate Level students enrolled in a Organizational Behavior class at a Liberal humanistic discipline University participating in two fifteen question hatfuls. Most of the students are from a varied educational background but all had at least a Bachelors degree, and all understood the theory being tested. The first of the two play alongs was to indicate weather the situation and management s tyle is the X or style and to find out how they would handle the situation.The second survey was to indicate whether the person prefers being managed by the X or style. Once figuring out who is an X and who is a the data will be analyzed and then each candidate will be separated into there respected category they locomote to. Once the survey takers are separated into there respected category I will use these two surveys to try and prove if a Theory X worker works with a Theory Y worker or a Theory X worker works with a theory Y manager (or vise versa) will one of them have an effect on the other, or will things stay the same?I will look at all of the results and see if their answers lead towards them being affected by the other work or not. The information will be seed to see if they need a little extra push from the people around them or if they can handle most tasks with out having to be nagged and rode the whole time by a boss or someone one on the management team. In analyzing all of the surveys and calculating all of the results several re-occurring themes surfaced and proved many things to be true.In the event of trying to prove if a person was an X or Y worker seventy five percent of the survey takers said that they were Y workers. This is something that was assumed from a graduate level class at a prestigious university one can figure that most, if not all, would be self-disciplined, ND hard working individuals. Of the 20 survey takers only twenty five percent were considered X workers. Of the twenty people surveyed on whether or not they favorite(a) the X or Y management style not a single individual preferred the X management style, including the X style workers.The results showed a large number of different results as expected, but the results were about what one would expect. But with these results my hypothesis was unanswered. Of the twenty people that were surveyed five of them were X style workers and 1 5 of them were Y style workers. Of the twenty people that were surveyed, all of them preferred the Y style management. After reviewing the surveys and the most prominent themes were established the tasks of understanding the monkey see monkey do attitude between X and Y workers and X and Y managers was unclear.The surveys, although showing who were X and Y worker showed that the X workers preferred the Y style management. This shows that a person who needs a little push or a little more observation on the work floor can potentially learn or adapt better with a Y style manager. But at the same time the survey showed that even a Y style worker if paired with a X style manager or a X style worker can forget their Y style ways. It all Just depends on the individual person and there work style.With a better population of people taking the survey more facts and findings can be found, but with my test subjects and the surveys that they took these are the results found and help support my theory. Discussion McGregor believed tha t, workers wanted to work and that they would act like mature adults, and actually wanted to do what was best for the company. McGregor also believed that if management with a intended instructions explained things intended, the worker would do what was necessary, and likely, employees would collaborate without being intimidated.McGregor knew that many of his suggestions would be really hard to adapt to, maybe even near impossible to apply to the work place, but McGregor believed that when people, or staff, or any type of worker is treated with respect and treated like a worker rather than a trained monkey that the workers would give more and work harder and give as close to one hundred percent as they could.Limitations One limitation to this study could be that only small portions of people surveyed and, with the majority of these people being in their early twenties could these individuals have enough life experience and work experience to know exactly how to answer the questions . If the survey had encompassed a broader range of the American population, the results may have been different. Since Management Theory X is an older style maybe the older generation or the baby boomer generation may prefer that form of management a little more.Also with the older generation most where Generation Y is considered a little more lazy and not as self motivated. Generation Y may prefer the Y style management but is actually an X style worker. Another limitation to this study is the selection of survey participants. The survey participants were not selected randomly but used because they could immediately o the survey. The survey takers may have had previous knowledge of the theory, which could have effect the outcome. If the survey population had been selected randomly, there would have been a number of people surveyed who were not educated on the theory or not aware of the concepts.Knowledge of the concepts may have survey the takers to answer a certain way therefore c reating different results. Despite these possible limitations, the results still stand and have many applications to practice and research and were still used to find answers Conclusion Though Theory X and Theory Y are basic and easy to understand, they provide a path or the future theorist and other people that want to study the nature of how people work and understand the changing world of human behavior with large amounts of information and research.The Theory was easy to study and understand, and it also allowed data collection to be Just as simple. From the above data, and of the students surveyed they preferred the Y work style but all had a preference towards Theory Y than Theory X management style. Even though the data shows one thing it may not technically have a significant, positive relationship between the general outcomes or hat there is even a monkey see monkey do attitude. Therefore, the hypothesis of this research paper is not confirmed.

Respect Is Earned

Respect is nearlything that must be earned and in return the kindred will be give n to you. An individual should not just automatic anyy be given respect because of who they are, what they wear, how old they are or even off by their status in society. Call me crazy but rest peck is gained through trust and experience with a person and this believe. You might strike why would I say such a thing well let me explain. First day of school and Im sitting in first period. Im the but person there beck cause the bell hasnt rung yet.A few minutes later the warning bell rings and kids start t o settle through the door as if there was a disease spreading through the halls. Soon after the final I bell rings and were plant to begin class, but something is missing, or should I say someone. The teacher is late Now I try to be openhanded as to why a teacher would be late on the firs t day, but something didnt rub me the right way. Ten minutes later in walks the teacher or some guy that think i s the teacher, but by the way hes dressed he might be from the circus.He has on wetlands and a baggy this that looks like his dog had a field day with it. N to to mention he smells like the trash under a teenage boys bed. Think to myself maybe Im b Ewing too judgmental, so I back off a little as he explains his morning. The details of his explanation are much too graphic to write in such a formal piece, but will say he knows how t o party. Now in a perfect world both adult deserves respect, but we dont live in a per effect world (at least I dont). Society makes you feel as if you have to respect everyone you take in contact with.You must be open minded and kindhearted to the idea of respecting eve Renee, but in reality who ever does? Was taught to respect all my teachers and those above e me. The question have for you is how stern you respect someone you barely know. To make ma otters worse they dont even make the effort Of macrocosm on time, they dont kick at least half pres no table, they smell like raw fish and because they partied too hard the night before they were to o hung-over to stir up for school the next morning.I have the answer for you, in case you werent sure, YOU DONT Yes everyone should be treated with kindness. I also think every individual De serves the possibility to earn respect but unfortunately not everyone deserves respect. If the at was the case there would be no reason for rules and laws for us to live by. Respect is something I value and in order to get respect from me, regardless of who you are, how much money you ma eek, what kind of car you drive, you MUST show me that I can give you such a priceless thing and the is I believe.

Structured Cabling

1. What industry standards body and standards series numbers do you need to wing for Ethernet applications and cabling? The IEEE maintains the industry standards for Ethernet Protocols (or applications). This is part of the 802.3 series of standards and includes applications such as 1000Base-T, 1000Base-SX, 10GBase-T, and 10GBase-SR.2. What be the different types of category 6 cables and what should be recommended this mesh topology? Category 6 and category 6A are the types of cables I would recommend Cat 6A cable over Cat 6 because cat 6A also supports 10Gbps which is for future speed.3. What cable would you recommend to offer the best protect performance? You need STP or FIBER OPTIC cable to provide best shielding performance, optic fiber is expensive not casual to terminate ends and has no RFI EMI, whereas shielded twisted pair is easy and cheap.4. What type of cable would you use for the horizontal spaces and vertical links? Cat6 is the current standard for advanced install ations of Ethernet cable. Depending on the space and certain building codes you need to decide between Plenum (CMP) or Riser (CMR). The difference being Riser cable is more durable, only puts out toxic fumes when caught on fire, so it is not suitable for spaces with open air flow. Dropped ceilings are generally considered Plenum spaces so therefore require plenum cable.5. What would you explore for in trying to find fault if you had the following next and fext problems in 1Gbps links and difficulty meeting 10Gbps performance requirements? When finding fault in attached the crosstalk is usually detected or found at the same end of the cable generating the signal and it is most common between 60 and 90 feet of the transmitter.In the other hand, when finding faults in FEXT the crosstalk occurs in the other end (opposite) of the cable. the problem is usually too many twists in thecable Alien crosstalk (AXT) as the signal rate increase in a cable, this is a major source of interferenc e, and a limiting factor, for running 10GBase-T (10Gbps) over UTP cabling. This kind of crosstalk usually occurs when the signal being carried in unitary cable interferes with the signal being carried in another cables.TermsOsi- (Open Systems Interconnection) this is a standard description or commendation Model for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in a telecommunication network. Its purpose is to guide product implementers so that their products will systematically work with other products. The reference model defines seven social classs of functions that take place at distributively end of a communication. Although OSI is not always strictly adhered to in terms of keeping related functions together in a well-defined layer, many if not most products involved in telecommunication make an flak to describe them in relation to the OSI model. It is also valuable as a single reference view of communication that furnishes everyone a common ground for didacti cs and discussion.Developed by representatives of major electronic computer and telecommunication companies beginning in 1983, OSI was originally intended to be a detailed specification of interfaces. Instead, the committee decided to arrange a common reference model for which others could develop detailed interfaces that in turn could become standards. OSI was officially adopted as an international standard by the International Organization of Standards (ISO). Currently, it is Recommendation X.200 of the ITU-TS. The main idea in OSI is that the process of communication between two end points in a telecommunication network can be divided into layers, with each layer adding its own set of special, related functions.Each communicating user or program is at a computer equipped with these seven layers of function. So, in a given message between users, there will be a flow of data through each layer at one end down through the layers in that computer and, at the other end, when the mes sage arrives, another flow of data up through the layers in the receiving computer and ultimately to the end user or program. The actual programming and ironware that furnishes these seven layers of function is usually a compounding of the computeroperating system, applications (such as your Web browser), TCP/IP or alternative transport and network protocols, and the software and hardware that enable you to put a signal on one of the lines attached to your computer.The 7 Standard Tcp/IPLayer 7 The application layerThis is the layer at which communication partners are identified, feeling of service is identified, user authentication and privacy are considered, and any constraints on data syntax are identified. (This layer is not the application itself, although some applications whitethorn perform application layer functions.) Layer 6 The presentation layerThis is a layer, usually part of an operating system, that converts incoming and surpass data from one presentation format to another (for example, from a text stream into a popup window with the newly arrived text). Sometimes called the syntax layer.Layer 5 The session layerThis layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations, exchanges, and dialogs between the applications at each end. It deals with session and connection coordination. Layer 4 The transport layerThis layer manages the end-to-end control (for example, determining whether all packets ease up arrived) and error-checking. It ensures complete data transfer. Layer 3 The network layerThis layer handles the routing of the data (sending it in the right direction to the right destination on outgoing transmittals and receiving incoming transmissions at the packet level). The network layer does routing and forwarding.Layer 2 The data-link layerThis layer provides synchronization for the physical level and does bit-stuffing for strings of 1s in excess of 5. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management. Layer 1 The physical layerThis layer conveys the bit stream through the network at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier.

Outline and assess Essay

The idea that heathenish inequalities in educational achievement argon caused by teachers and processes deep fine-tune naturalise is a complex argument. Within school thither is a clear pattern which demonstrates that the whiteness population perform much better than the pagan minorities which ar doing worse, in that location ar clear and neat figures from the Office for National Statistics, 47% of White British Males achieve 5 or more A- C at GCSE in comparison to 39% of Pakistani Male.There are studies which show that pagan inequalities at school influence educational achievement, for instance sociologist Wright (1992) consider shows that teacher racism is still existent in schools. On the other hand, if this was the occurrence that ethnic inequalities produced in schools, cause a failure in educational achievement then why is it that Chinese (69% of boys) and Indian (61% of boys) are significantly outperforming the white population (47% of boys). intoxicate more essa y apa formatTherefore, this does not mean that ethnic inequalities are caused at school and that on that point could be cultural explanations at home which influence the failure of educational achievement, e. g. in Afro-Caribbean culture there is a high rate of male desertion which creates a barrier for education. In this essay I will outline whether processes within school i. e. ethnic inequalities influence the failure of educational achievement or would be the factors at home which influence this. There is much evidence which supports the view that ethnic inequalities in educational achievement are caused by teachers, as mentioned the study by Wright (1992).He had acknowledged that teachers had held anti relentless labels for students of an Asian background, as they believed that Asian students had a poor knowledge of the English voice communication which had meant that when during classroom discussions they would be left out due to this disadvantage or whilst discussion are t aking place they would be spoken to in more simpler terms for them to understand. This shows how they havent been given an equal opportunity to adjunction in rather they were just left out because of their disadvantage, this process makes them feel not part of the classroom therefore could as well as produce sub-cultures which is the most likely outcome.Interactionists study how teachers labelling has an influence on pupils educational achievement and how the label from different ethnic groups causes ethnic inequalities amongst the pupils. The main ethnicities which were affected by racial labelling were the swart and Asian pupils. Wrights study also showed that Asian girls were seen as discreet and submissive this uninspired them into being invisible in class. Afro-Caribbeans were seen as both with behavioural problems and of low academic potential, resulting into conflicts with teachers.To contradict the view that Asians are predominantly raci entirelyy abused, sociologist Ful lers studies (1984) found that the teachers labels were a delegacy of motivation for them. The labels which were given already by teachers as to becoming failures, made students more and more laid to achieve success and especially to mount the teacher wrong that they can be successful. This would be the upshot for students of a Chinese and Indian heritage 70% of Chinese boys were achieving 5 or more A* C grades at GCSE and 61% of Indian boys were to, in contrast to just 47% of White British Boys (Office for National Statistics).This shows that even ethnic minorities were achieving substantially higher than students of a British background, this challenges the Interactionists perspective as it shows that ethnic inequalities can be a good source of competitiveness and that it does not have to cause a failure in regards to educational achievement. However, there are further suggestions from sociologist Mirzas study (1992)which supports the view that ethnic inequalities within educ ational achievement are caused by teachers and the processes within school themselves.Her study Failed Strategies for Avoiding Racism outlines how approximately students are not able to develop strategies which help to cope with ethnic inequalities such as when they are faced with teacher racism and teacher labelling. Her study found that when black pupils were discussing careers and plans for further education they had cooled down this shows how sub-standard they are viewed as they didnt help them by providing guidance instead they casually just listened.She determine that there were three types of teacher racism the first one being that they were colour blind this meant that teachers views of all the pupils were equal however during practise they allowed racism to go unchallenged, this was passive racism. The second type was the liberal chauvinists they had views of opprobrious pupils being less privileged in terms of culture, which had led them to have low-expectations of thei r academic ability. Lastly, the overt racists teachers would kick downstairs black pupils as second class they were less superior and were discriminated actively.Also in 2007 a produce report by Channel 4, they had uncovered the level of degree of racist attacks at schools, they had access to these rights via the immunity of Information Act. The report had showed that over the past years there had been a substantial rise in the number of racial attacks a staggering 100,000 occurrences had been documented, this shows how racial attacks are still in Contemporary Britain and that they are still rising in todays world.Nothing has been done to stop these incidents from happening and they are still going unnoticed. This view is also argued by Mirza, she believes that this is still a significant problem and that these figures are an underestimation of the problem itself. If this problem is not stopped this could further lead to a barrage of ballyrag as well as they are likely to underp erform in their education. As well as this, the influence which teacher labelling has on pupils when they try to cope with teacher racism reinforces subcultures within the school.This is the case especially for Afro-Caribbean students as there are numerous studies which emphasise this point, one of the most significant studies from Gillbourn and Youdells (2000) study Rationing Education, the study showed that teachers were quick and hasty when it came to disciplining unappeasable pupils which had shown bad behaviour and when it came to the other ethnicities whom had a correspondent behaviour were more lenient.This would be because teachers had held racialised expectations, as such teachers misinterpret behaviour and see Black pupils as anti-authority. This inturn creates conflict between teachers and pupils which reinforce stereotypes and leads to further problems. On the other hand, there are several, impertinent reasons for why there are ethnic inequalities in education. One of the main ones would be language extraneous students would experience obvious difficulties when learning because English is not their first language.They would have difficulty interacting with other students as well as the teacher having the English language not their usual language this would be the case for black British students as they are perceived as having non-standard English. Sociologist Mac an Gail (1988) supports this view, as he states that speakers of black British English may be labelled as less intelligent because of the form of language they use. As a consequence of this students may feel prejudiced against and actually use their language to jibe schooling.Lastly, in support of the statement there is further evidence from Sociologist Tony Sewell he had conducted an observation at a boys secondary school. Sewell (1998) observed the different approaches Black boys use when they cope with racism. He draw that there were four main responses to teacher racism the first response was the conforming type, this was suggested as there was clear evidence which had shown that majority of black pupils accepted the set of the school and they were keen to be successful. abutting was the rebellious type, this was the most influential group but was still a minority this subculture rejected the values of the school and opposed the school by joining a peer group. These reinforced the negative stereotypes of Black Machismo. Thereafter, the retreatists who were a small minority which were secluded and disengaged from peer group subcultures and the school. Lastly the innovators, they were the second largest subculture who was both pro-education as well as anti-school. They distanced themselves from Conformists enough to keep credibility with the Rebels whilst valuing education success.From Sewells conclusion it was clear that teachers had held a stereotype of Black Machismo seeing Black pupils as rebellious and anti-authority. To conclude from this, I do coinci de with the statement that ethnic inequalities in educational achievement are caused by teachers and the process within school however to some level degree. There is much evidence which supports this view as sociologist Mirza and Sewell have similar arguments which support the statement as teacher racism and labelling is very influential in terms of educational achievement.If students feel undermined by education because of labelling they would conform to being a failure as because of their teachers expectations. However, it is fair to say that it could also work the other way and motivate students to become better and prove their teacher that they have the capability for success (being the case for Chinese and Indian students). There are also factors such as culture and language which have an influence and also can reproduce ethnic inequalities in educational achievement.

Truman Show Media Essay

Trumann conduct is built and controlled, and revolved around media without his knowledge. Trumann perfect terra firma Is a direct metaphor for our lives. Our lives are warped by the medias ideals similarly how the protagonist unknowingly lives in a life that is being controlled. In both circumstances, the medias main objective seems to be evident a subtle expression to convey a message. The media depicted in the motion picture has a significantly high Influential role to our modern day society, which Is unavoidable.This is strongly portrayed throughout, the Truman show solely base on three points which are commercialism, manipulation, and emotions created when engaged into media. Manipulation is a recurring theme in the Truman show as the media creates unrealistic societal expectations for the viewers. These expectations are created to achieve the ideal life that is demonstrated in Trumann life, as individually situation he encounters Is Immaculately set up. Shaven Is a prime example of how the inject shows the earreach what a perfect military man Is pertaining to.In the utopian world, everybody is content with his or her lives, but realistically its embellished. The society is manipulated in thinking to look at a flawless world exists and the way people live In media Is the way humanity should live as well. The film displays Traumas life In a nutshell, having an adequate Job and having a significant other, which are things, any typical male would request for. The Truman Show implemented an imaginary world to capture the viewers attention and to give of a arbitrary vibe, further Influencing the viewers that media can help us attain the Ideal world _In the scene, where Truman tells the teacher his dream occupation is to be an explorer, she blatantly lies to him drop by telling him the whole world Is already been discovered and explored. Truman now believes he can never move around an explorer, destroying all his ambitions and aspirations. The teach er manipulated Truman so he thinks that he cant be what he wants so he doesnt crack up what the media wants. This is similar to how civilization Is manipulated as younger kids to believe that we cant pursue what we truly desire such as being a female astronaut because its not supported by society.Modern day society is heavily manipulated and figure outd by external meanss such as media and the powers of authority. Truman is not the only victim exposed to media, we all are as well. Ideals of our society are established by the messages of the media In turn to shape our expectations and attitude towards life Itself. The media often demonstrates how it plays an impact with our emotions whether it is an advertisement or television show. These emotions can either have a positive or a negative repercussion to our mood. Media Is so powerful Its capable to take over an individuals composure.A bountiful example would be when the bathtub man goes to the extent by incorporating a televisio n in his rear end so he can watch Truman would do such a peculiar thing for the settle of watching a reality show. The bathtub striver to emulate Truman, fixating to every move he made, matte like he was Truman or wanted to be like him. At the same time as Truman was sleeping, he was too. During the electrical storm, where Truman was desperately holding onto his life, the bathtub man pretended he was in enduring the thunderstorm and held on to the shower curtains as followed.The media is able to toy with our emotions, which is apparent when Sylvia, Traumas first legitimate love knelt down in front of the television in desperation when watching The Truman Show. This signifies that Sylvia had built up emotions and felt an allude connection with the character. She was frantically hoping Truman realizes he is living in a constructed staged world. Sylvia felt infuriated and scandalise that Christofis has the power to control ones life, physically and mentally. Due to Christofis re pugnant actions, Sylvia took initiative to notify the director of how unacceptable it is to withhold a human in sense of morality.By the behavior and emotions people generated by media indicates that media can easily influence peoples mental state. Since, Traumas life is broadcasted 2417 to an extensive audience, its only right to include commercialism, for profitable purposes. The labels and brands are explicitly shown as well advertised all through the movie whether it is Maroon holding his beer a or posters look Free Range Kaiser Chicken. By endorsing the products, it promotes and emphasizes positive connections with the brand.Product placement is an advantageous tool to sell merchandise and is shown during the unblemished movie. One moment that highlighted this point is when Merely excessively describes how marvelous the burnt umber is. Her method to endorse the cocoa wasnt genuine however, when someone is constantly bombarding you with information of how great this product is, people will start to believe its true. Merely also talks about how fancy and functional this kitchen utensil is, because its peeler, dicer, and grater integrated into a virtuoso appliance.Product placement can either be subtle or exaggerated nevertheless its objective is to make the audience a long lasting impression, thus unconsciously leading them to purchase the product. Media is critical factor of how society is influenced because how media is perceived whether itd be deception, endorsements, or feelings developed when looking at media. The Truman Show is a fictional film created to educate the audience that everything on the media isnt authentic or accurate. We should value our own beliefs and not the interpretation the media is portraying.

Bookbinders Book Club Essay

slightly 50,000 new titles, including new editions, are published in the United States individually year, giving rise to a $20+ billion apply publishing industry. About 10 percent of the books are sold through mail value. Book retail in the mid-seventies was characterized by the growth of chain bookstore operations in concert with the development of shopping malls. job in bookstores in the 1980s was enhanced by the spread of discounting. In the 1990s, the superstore concept of book retailing was responsible for the double-digit growth of the book industry.Generally situated near titanic shopping centers, superstores maintain large inventories of anywhere from 30,000 to 80,000 titles. Superstores are putting intense competitive pressure on book clubs, mail-order firms and retail outlets. Recently, online superstores, such(prenominal) as www. amazon. com, have emerged, carrying 12. 5 million titles and further intensifying the pressure on book clubs and mail-order firms. In re ceipt to these pressures, book clubs are starting to look at alternative business models that result make them more responsive to their customers preferences.Historically, book clubs offered their readers continuity and negative option programs that were based on an broaden contractual relationship between the club and its subscribers. In a continuity program, popular in such genres as childrens books, a reader signs up for an offer of several books for a few dollars each (plus shipping and handling on each book) and agrees to receive Copyright 2008 by DecisionPro, Inc. To order copies or implore permission to reproduce materials, go to www. decisionpro. biz.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of DecisionPro, Inc. a shipment of peerless or two books each month thereafter. In a negative op tion program, subscribers get to involve which and how many additional books they get out receive, but the default option is that the clubs selection will be delivered to them each month. The club informs them of the monthly selection and they must mark no on their order forms if they do not want to receive it.Some firms are now beginning to offer books on a positive-option basis, but only to selected segments of their customer lists that they deem receptive to specific offers. Book clubs are in like manner beginning to use database marketing techniques to work smarter rather than expand the coverage of their mailings. According to Doubleday president Marcus Willhelm, The database is the identify to what we are doing. We have to understand what our customers want and be more flexible.I doubt book clubs basis survive if they offer the same 16 offers, the same fulfillment to everybody. 2 Doubleday uses cast techniques to look at more than 80 variables, including geography and th e types of books customers purchase, and selects three to five variables that are the most influential predictors. The Bookbinders Book gild The BBB Club was established in 1986 for the purpose of selling specialty books through direct marketing. BBBC is strictly a distributor and does not publish any of the books it sells. In anticipation of using database marketing, BBBC made a strategical decision right from the start to build and maintain a detailed database about its members containing all the relevant information about them.Readers fill out an insert and return it to BBBC which then enters the data into the database. The company before long has a database of 500,000 readers and sends out a mailing about once a month. BBBC is exploring whether to use predictive modeling approaches to improve the efficacy of its direct mail program. For a recent mailing, the company selected 20,000 customers in Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio from its database and include with their regular m ailing a specially produced brochure for the book The fine art History of Florence.This resulted in a 9. 03 percent response rate (1806 orders) for the purchase of the book. BBBC then developed a database to calibrate a response model to identify the factors that influenced these purchases. For this case analysis, we will use a subset of the database available to BBBC. It consists of data for 400 customers who purchased the book, and 1,200 customers who did not, thereby over-representing the response group. The dependent variable for the analysis is Choice purchase or no purchase of The Art History of Florence.BBBC also selected several independent variables that it thought might explain the observed choice behavior. on a lower floor is a description of the variables used for the analysis Choice Whether the customer purchased the The Art History of Florence. 1 corresponds to a purchase and 0 corresponds to a nonpurchase. Gender 0 = Female and 1 = Male. Amount purchased Total bill s spent on BBBC books. Frequency Total number of purchases in the chosen period (used as a proxy for frequency. ) Last purchase (recency of purchase) Months since last purchase. First purchase Months since first purchase.

Charles by Shirley Jackson Analysis Essay

Laurie creates an alter ego named Charles and uses him to take all the flaws that Laurie has in kindergarten.2. a) The underlying message, central idea, or moral discussed in a story.b) The story teaches us that something can be going on and we may not even notice it. The mother refuses to look at what is right under her nose, for trepidation of realizing something that she doesnt want to see- her dear, nave little boy causing serious trouble. She adored listening to the stories her son would describe her about Charles. In fact, she couldnt wait for Laurie to get home from school so she could hear them. every(prenominal) the while Laurie was misbehaving at home. Instead, she would relatively think that it is another little boy named Charles. Another minor field of study can be if you lie then you will in time get caught red-handed.3. The teacher spanked a boy, though For being fresh (pg 8) was Lauries replay to his mother asking him what happened in school. When I reread this I thought that this was where Laurie decided to put on his act. Another foreshadowing physical exercise was the unusual guidance Laurie kept on taking about Charles. Another observation I made was about Lauries behavior. His mother also notes changes in his behavior he no longer waves priceybye to her, slams the door when he comes home and speaks insolently to his father. Since they adore their son, his parents believe all he has to say, and this belief stops them from seeing that what he says is not the full truth.4. When the mother discovers at the end of the story that there is no child named Charles in the class and that it is Laurie who has had trouble bending into kindergarten and has done all the bad things he credited to Charles, the reader no less than the mother is surprised. The mothers reaction would be quite embarrassed since she is the mother of Charles.Laurie creates a double of him to do bad so that he expertness stay good in the look of his parents. Loving never theless narrow-minded, the parents do not get involved. I think after realizing that Charles is indeed Laurie, this might affect the way his parents treat him from now on. Not only that, but I think their locating towards their confess unobservant behavior might change as well.5. This story made me think of when I was younger and the kids who acted this way to get attention from their parents. This story shows the ways children invent shadow figures as a means of confronting problematic feelings while forming their identities. I know that a lot of young children are happy enough to do a lot of things, and some times they go unnoticed, like Lauries travesty. In Lauries example mentioning Charles so much, the familys bound to make Charlie a part of daily conversation. why was Laurie hinting to his parents instead of coming right out and telling them? Was it because he wants his parents to shape it out on their own little heads? I too indeed mightve lied a couple of times as of way of being included and known. Although my parents were observant and I was quick to learn that its not good to lie.6. Verbal irony contrast amid what is said and what is meant. In other words, sarcasm.Dramatic irony between what the character thinks to be true and what we (the reader) know to be true. For example In City Lights the audience knows that Charlie Chaplins character is not a millionaire, but the blind flower girl (Virginia Cherrill) is unaware and believes hes rich.Situational irony a certain fact is perhaps highlighted by an event that is in contrast to that fact. For example An old man turned ninety-eight. He won the lottery and died the next day.7. The point at which we the readers find out that Laurie is tricking his parents and from then on we also know or suspect more than the narrator about his misbehaving and amused the mothers lack of observance is an example of dramatic irony. Parents, by definition are thought to be mentally advanced than their children ( when they are at such a young age such as Laurie) but are outsmarted by the imagination and creativity of a clever little nipper.